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Pediatrics > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of Diaper Dermatitis

A

Irritant: Caused by urine or feces
Candidiasis: Yeast with pustules
Allergic
Streptococcal: Bright red perianal patches with satellite lesions

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2
Q

Tx for Diaper Dermatitis

A 
Air/Barriers (paste/ointment), Clean, Dispose of diapers, Educate
Steroid Ointment 1% Hydrocortisone
Abx: Cephalexin
Mupirocin
Topical Antifungal: Miconazole for yeast
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3
Q

What is Perioral Dermatitis

A

Inflammatory papules around mouth, nose, or eyes

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4
Q

Tx for Perioral Dermatitis

A

Topical: Metronidazole or Erythromycin
Oral: Tetracycline, Minocycline, Doxycycline

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5
Q

What is the most common drug that causes drug eruptions

A

Penicillin

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6
Q

What is DRESS Syndrome

A

Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms
Associated with Drug Eruptions
Rash, Fever, Lymphadenopathy, Hematologic Abnormalities, Hepatitis, Involvement of lungs, kidney, heart, or pancreas

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7
Q

Tx for drug eruptions

A

Discontinue drug

If IgE mediated use Epinephrine, H1 and H2 blockers, systemic corticosteroids

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8
Q

What do you see with Erythema Multiforme

A

Target Lesion

Dusty-violet red, purpuric macule/vesicle in center surrounded by pale edematous rim and peripheral red halo

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9
Q

What is Erythema Multiforme

A

Acute self-limiting IV rxn

Associated with Herpes

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10
Q

Tx for Erythema Multiforme

A

Avoid prescipitating cause

Control HSV: Acyclovir

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11
Q

What is Stevens Johnson Syndrome

A

Drug eruption due to Sulfa drug or Anticonvulsants

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12
Q

What lesions are seen with SJS

A

Mucocutaneous blistering with skin detachment, usually >10%

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13
Q

What sign is seen with SJS

A

Positive Nikolsky’s Sign (blisters pop when you touch them)

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14
Q

Tx for SJS

A

Remove agent

Burn unit for skin tx

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15
Q

What is Toxic Epidermal Necrolyisis (TEN)

A

Drug eruption, more severe than SJS

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16
Q

What lesions are seen with Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

A

Same as SJS but with skin detachment >30% of body

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17
Q

What is Lichen Planus

A

An autoimmune destruction of epidermal cells

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18
Q

What lesions are seen with Lichen Planus

A

6 P’s: Planar, Purple, Polygonal, Pruritic, Papules, Plaques

Wickham Striae - Lacy reticular white lines covering lesions

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19
Q

Dx for Lichen Planus

A

Biopsy and Immunofluorescence

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20
Q

Tx for Lichen Planus

A

Topical Hydrocortisone and/or oral prednisone

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21
Q

What is Pityriasis Rosea

A

Herald Patch with Christmas Tree pattern

Have mild URI sx, scaly lesions

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22
Q

Tx for Pityriasis Rosea

A

Lotions/Emollients

Antihistamines/Antipruritics

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23
Q

What is the process of Acne Vulgaris

A

Plugged follicles leads to retained sebum, which leads to bacterial overgrowth, follicle releases which leads to increased sebum

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24
Q

What hormones play a major role in Acne Vulgaris

A

Androgens

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25
Q

What is a blackhead

A

Open Comedone: Flat slightly elevated papules, central opening with blackened keratin

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26
Q

What is a whitehead

A

Closed Comedone: Yellowish papules

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27
Q

Tx for all stages of Acne Vulgaris

A

Mild Comedonal: Topical Retinoid (Tretinoin Cream)
Mild Pustular: Tretinoin + Benzoyl Peroxide +/- Abx
Moderate Pustular: Tretrinoin + Benzoyl Peroxide + Oral Abx (Tetracycline, Doxycycline, or Minocycline)
Severe Acne: Isotretinoin (Accutane)

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28
Q

What causes Lice (Pediculosis)

A

Pediculus Hummanus

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29
Q

Dx for Lice

A

See nits on hair shaft

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30
Q

Tx for Lice

A

Permethrin, Malathion

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31
Q

What causes Scabies

A

Sarcoptes Scabiei

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32
Q

Sx for Scabies

A

Severe itching, pruritic burrows, red papules/nodules on scrotum, shaft, and glans penis

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33
Q

Dx for Scabies

A

Mites, eggs or feces on microscopic slide

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34
Q

Tx for Scabies

A

Treat entire family with 4% Permetrhin cream once for 8-12 hours
Wash all clothes in hot water and dry in hot dryer

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35
Q

What is Androgenic Alopecia

A

Non-Scarring hair loss due to androgenic overactivity

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36
Q

Tx for Androgenic Alopecia

A

Minoxidil

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37
Q

What are the 5 childhood exanthems

A 
Rubeola (Measles)
Rubella (German Measles)
Varicella (Chicken Pox)
Erythema Multiform (Fifths Disease)
Roseola (Sixths Disease)
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38
Q

What causes Rubeola (Measles)

A

Paramyxovirus

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39
Q

Sx of Rubeola (Measles)

A

Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis
Koplik Spots
Starts at hairline, moves to extremities then palms/soles

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40
Q

Most common complication for Rubeola (Measles)

A

Otitis Media

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41
Q

What causes Rubella (German Measles)

A

Togaviridae

42
Q

Sx of Rubella (German Measles)

A

Low-grade fever
Generalized maculopapular rash for up to 3 days
Posterior lymphadenopathy (cervical usually)

43
Q

What is a complication of Rubella (German Measles) during pregnancy

A

If in 1st trimester, sensorineural deafness, cataracts, TTP, mental retardation

44
Q

What causes Chicken Pox

A

Varicella

45
Q

Sx of Chicken Pox

A

Pruritic widely scattered red macules and papules concentrated on trunk and face
Vesicles lead to pustules which lead to crusts, all different stages

46
Q

What causes Erythema Multiform (Fifth’s Disease)

A

Parvovirus B19

47
Q

Sx of Erythema Multiform

A

Slapped Cheek: Red rash on face

Lacy reticular rash on extremities

48
Q

What causes Roseola (Sixths Disease)

A

HHV 6

49
Q

Sx of Roseola

A

Fever where kid appears healthy for 3-5 days
Rash appears once fever breaks. Rose pink maculopapular blanchable rash
Rash starts on trunk/back then goes to face

50
Q

What Exanthem is the only one where the rash starts on the trunk

A

Roseola (Sixths Disease)

51
Q

What Exanthem causes a Slapped Cheek appearance

A

Erythema Multiform (Fifths Disease)

52
Q

What exanthem starts with a high grade fever, conjunctivitis, coryza, and a cough

A

Rubeola (Measles)

53
Q

What exanthem has a low grade fever and rash that lasts for about 3 days

A

Rubella (German Measles)

54
Q

What Exanthem has different stages/ages of lesions

A

Varicella (chicken pox)

55
Q

What is a Verrucae

A

Warts

56
Q

What causes Verrucae

A

HPV

57
Q

Sx of Verrucae

A

Flat, deep, or rough patches that regress spontaneously

58
Q

Tx of Verrucae

A

Cryotherapy or Salicylic Acid (Keratolytic Agents)
HPV vaccine to prevent
Imiquimod for genital warts

59
Q

What does a blister mean

A

2nd degree burn - most painful

60
Q

Is a 3rd degree burn painful

A

No

61
Q

What constitutes a major burn

A

Greater than 10% partial thickness
Greater than 2% full thickness
Partial or full of hands, feet, face, or perineum

62
Q

What constitutes a minor burn

A

Less than 10% partial thickness
Less than 2% full thickness
Any superficial burn

63
Q

Tx for burns

A

Stop burning process with sterile water
Manage shock with fluids
Sulfadiazine (topical burn ointment)

64
Q

What is Urticaria

A

Wheals or Hives

65
Q

What causes Urticaria

A

IgE mediated. ASA, NSAIDS, Insects, Foods

66
Q

Sx of Urticaria

A

Intense Pruritis

67
Q

Tx of Urticaria

A

Hydroxyzine (antihistamines)
Cyproheptadine (Antihistamine)
Doxepin (TCA) for chronic conditions
Systemic Corticosteroids

68
Q

What causes Atopic Dermatitis. What is it associated with

A

IgE Mediated

Associated with Atopy: Hay Fever, Asthma, Dry Skin, Eczema

69
Q

Sx of Atopic Dermatitis

A

Itchy, recurrent symmetrical, may blister or ooze

Lichenification plus inflammation of Flexural areas (neck, eyelids, face, dorsum of hands and feet) plus Dermatographism

70
Q

Tx of Atopic Dermatitis

A

Hydrocortisone is 1st line
Tacroliumus or Pimecrolimus is 2nd line
Abx to avoid secondary infections

71
Q

Sx of Contact Dermatitis

A

Acute sharply demarcated weeping edematous excematous plaque

72
Q

Tx of Contact Dermatitis

A

Avoid irritant

Corticosteroids

73
Q

What is Impetigo

A

Infectious superficial vesiculopustular skin infection

74
Q

What pathogen causes Impetigo

A

Staph Aureus and GABHS

75
Q

Sx of Impetigo

A

Nonbullous: Vesicles, pustules, Honey-colored crust
Bullous: Vesicles form large bullae then rupture leaving thin varnish like crust
Ecthyma: Ulcerative pyoderma caused by GABHS

76
Q

Tx for Impetigo

A

Mupirocin (Bactroban) or Bacitracin

System Abx: Cephalexin, Dicloxacillin

77
Q

What causes Tinea - Dermatophytosis

A

Fungal Infection

Trichophyton Rubrum, Microsporum, Epidermophyton

78
Q

Lesions seen with Tinea

A

Erythematous annular patch with distinct borders and central clearing
Itching, stinging, burning

79
Q

Dx of Tinea

A

KOH Prep

80
Q

Tx of Tinea

A

Topical: Azoles (Miconazole, Clotrimazole, Econazole), Allylamines, Butenafine
Oral: Terbinafine, Itraconazole, Fluconazole

81
Q

What is Onychomycosis

A

Nail infection by various fungi

82
Q

Dx of Onychomycosis

A

KOH smear, Wood’s Lamp

83
Q

Tx of Onhychomycosis

A

Need Systemic Tx

Oral Terbinafine, Griseofulvin, Itraconazole

84
Q

What causes Tinea Versicolor

A

A yeast. Malassezia Furfur

85
Q

Lesions seen with Tinea Versicolor

A

Hypo or hyper pigmented discrete macules

Usually on upper trunk

86
Q

Dx of Tinea Versicolor

A

KOH Prep. Spaghetti and Meatballs

87
Q

Tx of Tinea Versicolor

A

Selenium Sulfide Shampoo (antifungal)

Topical Azoles like Ketoconazole, Miconazole, and Clotrimazole

88
Q

How do you treat Diaper Dermatitis

A 
ABCDE
Air/Barriers (paste or ointment)
Clean
Dispose of diapers
Education
Steroid Ointment: 1% Hydrocortisone
Abx if complicated by infection: Cephalexin, Mupirocin
Topical Antifungal: Miconazole for yeast
89
Q

How do you treat Drug Eruptions

A

Discontinue Drug and give alternative therapy or Desensitization of drug

90
Q

What plays a significant role in Acne Vulgaris

A

Androgens

91
Q

Tx for Mild Comedonal in Acne Vulgaris

A

Topical Retinoid like Tretinoin cream

Start with nightly 2x/wk, then build up to nightly

92
Q

Tx for Moderate Papular/Pustular in Acne Vulgaris

A

Tretinoin + Benzoyl Peroxide (2.5% cream) + Oral Abx (Tetracyclines, Doxycycline, or Minocycline

93
Q

Tx for Scabies

A

Treat entire family with 5% Permethrin cream once for 8-12 hours

94
Q

How does Atopic Dermatitis Present

A

Lichenification (thick, leathery patches) + Inflammation of Flexural Surfaces (neck, eyelids, face, dorsum of hands and feet) + Dermatographism (writing/pattern on skin leaves mark)

95
Q

Tx for Onychomycosis

A

Systemic/Oral Terbinafine or Griseofulvin

96
Q

Tx for Diaper Dermatitis

A

ABCDE (Air/Barrier, Clean area, Discard Diapers, Educate)
Barrier Creams include Zinc Oxide and Imidazole cream
Topical Imidazole cream for Yeast (Candida albicans)

97
Q

Causes for Verrucae Vulgaris

A

HPV. Person to person contact or contact with wart itself.

98
Q

Dx for Guttate Psoriasis

A

Sudden onset of small papules seen predominantly over trunk and quickly covered with thick white scales
Rash usually follows by 2-3 weeks of Strep Throat

99
Q

Tx for Acne Vulgaris

A

Mild Comedonal: Topical Retinoid (Tretinoin)
Mild Papular/Pustular: Tretinoin + Benzoyl Peroxide +/-topical Abx
Moderate Papular/Pustular: Tretinoin +Benzoyl Peroxide + Oral Abx (Tetracycline, Doxycycline or Minocycline)
Severe: Isotretinoin (Accutane)

100
Q

Tx for Impetigo

A

Need to cover for Staph. Aureus = Penicillins like Dicloxacillin or Cephalosporins, Clindamycin, Amoxicillin-Clavulanate)

101
Q

Dx for Verrucae

A

Skin colored papules with rough surfaces that are painless. Common areas are hands, feet, and genitals

102
Q

Tx for Sebhorrheic Dermatitis

A

Low-Potency Topical Corticosteroids, such as Hydrocortison, Betamethasone, Desonide

Pediatrics (12 decks)

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