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Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of Diaper Dermatitis

A

Irritant: Caused by urine or feces
Candidiasis: Yeast with pustules
Allergic
Streptococcal: Bright red perianal patches with satellite lesions

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2
Q

Tx for Diaper Dermatitis

A 
Air/Barriers (paste/ointment), Clean, Dispose of diapers, Educate
Steroid Ointment 1% Hydrocortisone
Abx: Cephalexin
Mupirocin
Topical Antifungal: Miconazole for yeast
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3
Q

What is Perioral Dermatitis

A

Inflammatory papules around mouth, nose, or eyes

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4
Q

Tx for Perioral Dermatitis

A

Topical: Metronidazole or Erythromycin
Oral: Tetracycline, Minocycline, Doxycycline

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5
Q

What is the most common drug that causes drug eruptions

A

Penicillin

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6
Q

What is DRESS Syndrome

A

Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms
Associated with Drug Eruptions
Rash, Fever, Lymphadenopathy, Hematologic Abnormalities, Hepatitis, Involvement of lungs, kidney, heart, or pancreas

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7
Q

Tx for drug eruptions

A

Discontinue drug

If IgE mediated use Epinephrine, H1 and H2 blockers, systemic corticosteroids

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8
Q

What do you see with Erythema Multiforme

A

Target Lesion

Dusty-violet red, purpuric macule/vesicle in center surrounded by pale edematous rim and peripheral red halo

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9
Q

What is Erythema Multiforme

A

Acute self-limiting IV rxn

Associated with Herpes

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10
Q

Tx for Erythema Multiforme

A

Avoid prescipitating cause

Control HSV: Acyclovir

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11
Q

What is Stevens Johnson Syndrome

A

Drug eruption due to Sulfa drug or Anticonvulsants

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12
Q

What lesions are seen with SJS

A

Mucocutaneous blistering with skin detachment, usually >10%

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13
Q

What sign is seen with SJS

A

Positive Nikolsky’s Sign (blisters pop when you touch them)

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14
Q

Tx for SJS

A

Remove agent

Burn unit for skin tx

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15
Q

What is Toxic Epidermal Necrolyisis (TEN)

A

Drug eruption, more severe than SJS

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16
Q

What lesions are seen with Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

A

Same as SJS but with skin detachment >30% of body

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17
Q

What is Lichen Planus

A

An autoimmune destruction of epidermal cells

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18
Q

What lesions are seen with Lichen Planus

A

6 P’s: Planar, Purple, Polygonal, Pruritic, Papules, Plaques

Wickham Striae - Lacy reticular white lines covering lesions

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19
Q

Dx for Lichen Planus

A

Biopsy and Immunofluorescence

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20
Q

Tx for Lichen Planus

A

Topical Hydrocortisone and/or oral prednisone

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21
Q

What is Pityriasis Rosea

A

Herald Patch with Christmas Tree pattern

Have mild URI sx, scaly lesions

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22
Q

Tx for Pityriasis Rosea

A

Lotions/Emollients

Antihistamines/Antipruritics

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23
Q

What is the process of Acne Vulgaris

A

Plugged follicles leads to retained sebum, which leads to bacterial overgrowth, follicle releases which leads to increased sebum

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24
Q

What hormones play a major role in Acne Vulgaris

A

Androgens

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25
What is a blackhead
Open Comedone: Flat slightly elevated papules, central opening with blackened keratin
26
What is a whitehead
Closed Comedone: Yellowish papules
27
Tx for all stages of Acne Vulgaris
Mild Comedonal: Topical Retinoid (Tretinoin Cream) Mild Pustular: Tretinoin + Benzoyl Peroxide +/- Abx Moderate Pustular: Tretrinoin + Benzoyl Peroxide + Oral Abx (Tetracycline, Doxycycline, or Minocycline) Severe Acne: Isotretinoin (Accutane)
28
What causes Lice (Pediculosis)
Pediculus Hummanus
29
Dx for Lice
See nits on hair shaft
30
Tx for Lice
Permethrin, Malathion
31
What causes Scabies
Sarcoptes Scabiei
32
Sx for Scabies
Severe itching, pruritic burrows, red papules/nodules on scrotum, shaft, and glans penis
33
Dx for Scabies
Mites, eggs or feces on microscopic slide
34
Tx for Scabies
Treat entire family with 4% Permetrhin cream once for 8-12 hours Wash all clothes in hot water and dry in hot dryer
35
What is Androgenic Alopecia
Non-Scarring hair loss due to androgenic overactivity
36
Tx for Androgenic Alopecia
Minoxidil
37
What are the 5 childhood exanthems
``` Rubeola (Measles) Rubella (German Measles) Varicella (Chicken Pox) Erythema Multiform (Fifths Disease) Roseola (Sixths Disease) ```
38
What causes Rubeola (Measles)
Paramyxovirus
39
Sx of Rubeola (Measles)
Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis Koplik Spots Starts at hairline, moves to extremities then palms/soles
40
Most common complication for Rubeola (Measles)
Otitis Media
41
What causes Rubella (German Measles)
Togaviridae
42
Sx of Rubella (German Measles)
Low-grade fever Generalized maculopapular rash for up to 3 days Posterior lymphadenopathy (cervical usually)
43
What is a complication of Rubella (German Measles) during pregnancy
If in 1st trimester, sensorineural deafness, cataracts, TTP, mental retardation
44
What causes Chicken Pox
Varicella
45
Sx of Chicken Pox
Pruritic widely scattered red macules and papules concentrated on trunk and face Vesicles lead to pustules which lead to crusts, all different stages
46
What causes Erythema Multiform (Fifth's Disease)
Parvovirus B19
47
Sx of Erythema Multiform
Slapped Cheek: Red rash on face | Lacy reticular rash on extremities
48
What causes Roseola (Sixths Disease)
HHV 6
49
Sx of Roseola
Fever where kid appears healthy for 3-5 days Rash appears once fever breaks. Rose pink maculopapular blanchable rash Rash starts on trunk/back then goes to face
50
What Exanthem is the only one where the rash starts on the trunk
Roseola (Sixths Disease)
51
What Exanthem causes a Slapped Cheek appearance
Erythema Multiform (Fifths Disease)
52
What exanthem starts with a high grade fever, conjunctivitis, coryza, and a cough
Rubeola (Measles)
53
What exanthem has a low grade fever and rash that lasts for about 3 days
Rubella (German Measles)
54
What Exanthem has different stages/ages of lesions
Varicella (chicken pox)
55
What is a Verrucae
Warts
56
What causes Verrucae
HPV
57
Sx of Verrucae
Flat, deep, or rough patches that regress spontaneously
58
Tx of Verrucae
Cryotherapy or Salicylic Acid (Keratolytic Agents) HPV vaccine to prevent Imiquimod for genital warts
59
What does a blister mean
2nd degree burn - most painful
60
Is a 3rd degree burn painful
No
61
What constitutes a major burn
Greater than 10% partial thickness Greater than 2% full thickness Partial or full of hands, feet, face, or perineum
62
What constitutes a minor burn
Less than 10% partial thickness Less than 2% full thickness Any superficial burn
63
Tx for burns
Stop burning process with sterile water Manage shock with fluids Sulfadiazine (topical burn ointment)
64
What is Urticaria
Wheals or Hives
65
What causes Urticaria
IgE mediated. ASA, NSAIDS, Insects, Foods
66
Sx of Urticaria
Intense Pruritis
67
Tx of Urticaria
Hydroxyzine (antihistamines) Cyproheptadine (Antihistamine) Doxepin (TCA) for chronic conditions Systemic Corticosteroids
68
What causes Atopic Dermatitis. What is it associated with
IgE Mediated | Associated with Atopy: Hay Fever, Asthma, Dry Skin, Eczema
69
Sx of Atopic Dermatitis
Itchy, recurrent symmetrical, may blister or ooze | Lichenification plus inflammation of Flexural areas (neck, eyelids, face, dorsum of hands and feet) plus Dermatographism
70
Tx of Atopic Dermatitis
Hydrocortisone is 1st line Tacroliumus or Pimecrolimus is 2nd line Abx to avoid secondary infections
71
Sx of Contact Dermatitis
Acute sharply demarcated weeping edematous excematous plaque
72
Tx of Contact Dermatitis
Avoid irritant | Corticosteroids
73
What is Impetigo
Infectious superficial vesiculopustular skin infection
74
What pathogen causes Impetigo
Staph Aureus and GABHS
75
Sx of Impetigo
Nonbullous: Vesicles, pustules, Honey-colored crust Bullous: Vesicles form large bullae then rupture leaving thin varnish like crust Ecthyma: Ulcerative pyoderma caused by GABHS
76
Tx for Impetigo
Mupirocin (Bactroban) or Bacitracin | System Abx: Cephalexin, Dicloxacillin
77
What causes Tinea - Dermatophytosis
Fungal Infection | Trichophyton Rubrum, Microsporum, Epidermophyton
78
Lesions seen with Tinea
Erythematous annular patch with distinct borders and central clearing Itching, stinging, burning
79
Dx of Tinea
KOH Prep
80
Tx of Tinea
Topical: Azoles (Miconazole, Clotrimazole, Econazole), Allylamines, Butenafine Oral: Terbinafine, Itraconazole, Fluconazole
81
What is Onychomycosis
Nail infection by various fungi
82
Dx of Onychomycosis
KOH smear, Wood's Lamp
83
Tx of Onhychomycosis
Need Systemic Tx | Oral Terbinafine, Griseofulvin, Itraconazole
84
What causes Tinea Versicolor
A yeast. Malassezia Furfur
85
Lesions seen with Tinea Versicolor
Hypo or hyper pigmented discrete macules | Usually on upper trunk
86
Dx of Tinea Versicolor
KOH Prep. Spaghetti and Meatballs
87
Tx of Tinea Versicolor
Selenium Sulfide Shampoo (antifungal) | Topical Azoles like Ketoconazole, Miconazole, and Clotrimazole
88
**How do you treat Diaper Dermatitis**
``` ABCDE Air/Barriers (paste or ointment) Clean Dispose of diapers Education Steroid Ointment: 1% Hydrocortisone Abx if complicated by infection: Cephalexin, Mupirocin Topical Antifungal: Miconazole for yeast ```
89
**How do you treat Drug Eruptions**
Discontinue Drug and give alternative therapy or Desensitization of drug
90
**What plays a significant role in Acne Vulgaris**
Androgens
91
**Tx for Mild Comedonal in Acne Vulgaris**
Topical Retinoid like Tretinoin cream | Start with nightly 2x/wk, then build up to nightly
92
**Tx for Moderate Papular/Pustular in Acne Vulgaris**
Tretinoin + Benzoyl Peroxide (2.5% cream) + Oral Abx (Tetracyclines, Doxycycline, or Minocycline
93
**Tx for Scabies**
Treat entire family with 5% Permethrin cream once for 8-12 hours
94
**How does Atopic Dermatitis Present**
Lichenification (thick, leathery patches) + Inflammation of Flexural Surfaces (neck, eyelids, face, dorsum of hands and feet) + Dermatographism (writing/pattern on skin leaves mark)
95
**Tx for Onychomycosis**
Systemic/Oral Terbinafine or Griseofulvin
96
**Tx for Diaper Dermatitis**
ABCDE (Air/Barrier, Clean area, Discard Diapers, Educate) Barrier Creams include Zinc Oxide and Imidazole cream Topical Imidazole cream for Yeast (Candida albicans)
97
**Causes for Verrucae Vulgaris**
HPV. Person to person contact or contact with wart itself.
98
**Dx for Guttate Psoriasis**
Sudden onset of small papules seen predominantly over trunk and quickly covered with thick white scales Rash usually follows by 2-3 weeks of Strep Throat
99
**Tx for Acne Vulgaris**
Mild Comedonal: Topical Retinoid (Tretinoin) Mild Papular/Pustular: Tretinoin + Benzoyl Peroxide +/-topical Abx Moderate Papular/Pustular: Tretinoin +Benzoyl Peroxide + Oral Abx (Tetracycline, Doxycycline or Minocycline) Severe: Isotretinoin (Accutane)
100
**Tx for Impetigo**
Need to cover for Staph. Aureus = Penicillins like Dicloxacillin or Cephalosporins, Clindamycin, Amoxicillin-Clavulanate)
101
**Dx for Verrucae**
Skin colored papules with rough surfaces that are painless. Common areas are hands, feet, and genitals
102
**Tx for Sebhorrheic Dermatitis**
Low-Potency Topical Corticosteroids, such as Hydrocortison, Betamethasone, Desonide

Pediatrics (12 decks)

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