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Pediatrics > Neurology/Developmental > Flashcards

Neurology/Developmental Flashcards

1
Q

By when should babies regain the weight they lost after birth

A

2 weeks

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2
Q

Failure to thrive in a newborn is defined by what length of time without weight gain

A

3 weeks of age or 10 continuous days of weight loss

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3
Q

Babies should double their weight by when? Triple their weight?

A

Double by 4-5 months, Triple by 1 year

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4
Q

What is daily caloric intake for a baby

A

100cal/kg/day

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5
Q

How often and how much should a newborn feed

A

4-8 oz every 3-4 hours

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6
Q

Large fontanelle is caused by what

A

Chromosomal abnormalities, hypothyroidism

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7
Q

Bulging Fontanelle is caused by what

A

Sign of increased ICP

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8
Q

What is the most common cause increased ICP and bulging fontanelle

A

Hydrocephalus

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9
Q

Name all the developmental milestones for a 2 month old

A

Lifts head, follows midline, vocalizes, smiles

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10
Q

Name all the developmental milestones for a 4 month old

A

Sit-head steady, grasp rattle, laughs, regards own handd

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11
Q

Name all the developmental milestones for a 6 month old

A

Roll over, sit with no support, reach, turn to rattling noise, works for a toy

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12
Q

Name all the developmental milestones for a 9 month old

A

Stands holding on, pulls to a stand, passes objects, sings syllables, waves bye-bye

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13
Q

When do primary teeth come in

A

7 months

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14
Q

What are some sx of teething

A

Fever, URI, systemic illness

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15
Q

Tx for teeting

A

Topical anesthetics - Benzocaine

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16
Q

What immunizations does a 2 month old get

A

Hep.B, DTap, HiB, Pneumococcal, Rotavirus, Polio

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17
Q

What immunizations does a 4 month old get

A

Hep.B, DTap, HiB, Pneumococcal, Rotavirus, Polio

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18
Q

What immunizations does a 6 month old get

A

Hep.B DTap, HiB, Pneumococcal, Rotavirus, Polio

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19
Q

What immunizations does a 12 month old get

A

Hep.A, Varicella, HiB, Pneumococcal, MMR

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20
Q

What immunizations does a 15 month old get

A

DTap

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21
Q

What immunizations does an 18 month old get

A

Hep.A

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22
Q

What immunizations does a 4-6 year old get

A

DTap, Polio

23
Q

What immunizations does an 11-16 year old get

A

MMR, Varicella, HPV, Meningiococcal

24
Q

What chromosome naming is for Turners Syndrome

A

45,XO

25
Q

Sx of Turners Syndrome

A

Short stature, webbed neck, low posterior hairline, cardiovascular abnormalities (Coarctation of Aorta)

26
Q

Tx for Turners Syndrome

A

Estrogen replacement

27
Q

What chromosome naming is for Down Syndrome

A

Trisomy 21

28
Q

Signs of Down Syndrome

A

Upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, midface hypoplasia, small dysplastic pinnae, cognitive disabilites

29
Q

Screening for Down Syndrome

A

Triple screening at 15-20 weeks gestation

Low AFP, High Beta-hCG, Low Estradiol

30
Q

What is a febrile seizure

A

Seizure that lasts less than 5 minutes during an illness, usually URI, GI (Campylobacter, or Shigella), UTI, Roseola

31
Q

Dx criteria for febrile seizure

A

Age: 3 months-6yrs
Fever greater than 38degrees
Non-CNS infection

32
Q

Tx for febrile seizures

A

Rule out other causes

Consider LP if

33
Q

Define a Simple Partial Seizure

A

Confined to only a part of the brain or one hemisphere

Consciousness is maintained

34
Q

Define a Complex Partial Seizure

A

Confined to only a part of the brain or one hemisphere
Loss of consciousness, usually temporal lobe affected
Automatisms seen like lip smacking, picking, patting, coordinated motor movements

35
Q

Define an Absence Seizure

A

Brief impairment of consciousness
Pt. unaware of attacks
Staring off, Twitching

36
Q

Define a Tonic Clonic Seizure

A

Loss of Consciousness

Rigidity and Resp. arrest followed by repetitive rhythmic jerking lasting 2-3 minutes, Post-Ictal phase may follor

37
Q

Tx for seizures

A

Ethosuximide for absense seizures only (especially preventatitive)
Benzodiazepines (Lorazepam/Diazepam), Phenyotin, Phenobarbital

Preventative: Keppra, Ethosuximide

38
Q

Criteria for bacterial meningitis

A

Low Glucose
High Protein
Neutrophils
Turbid Color

39
Q

Criteria for viral meningitis

A

Normal Glucose
Low Protein
Monocytes
Clear Color

40
Q

Common meningitis pathogens for neonates vs. kids

A

Neonates: Group B Strep, Listeria, E.Coli

Kids - 18yrs: N.Meningitidis #1, Strep. Pneumo, H.flu

41
Q

Sx of Meningitis

A

Fever, Chills, Headache, nuchal rigidity, photophobia, altered mental status, vomiting

42
Q

Tx of Meningitis

A

Neonates: Ampicillin + Gentamicin
Kids 3 months+: Ceftriaxone + Vancomycin
Dexamethosone before abx if >1yr
Rifampin or Cipro for contacts at home

43
Q

Sx of migraines

A

Cylcical vomiting, abdominal pain, auras

44
Q

Sx of tension headaches

A

Tight, dull, can last for days, no nausea/vomiting

45
Q

Tx for acute headaches

A

Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, Sumatriptan Nasal

46
Q

Preventative tx for headaches

A

Beta-Blockers, CCB, Amitriptyline, Topiramate, Valproic Acid

47
Q

What is the most common cause of Macrocephaly

A

Hydrocephalus which causes bulging fontanelle

48
Q

What is a gross motor milestone for a kid 6 months old

A

Roll Over, Sit with no support

49
Q

What are the immunizations for a 2 month old

A

Hep.B, DTap, HiB, Rotavirus, Polio, Pneumococcal

50
Q

Sx of Turners Syndrome

A

Short-Stature, Webbed Neck, Low posterior hairline, cardiovascular abnormalities (Coarctation of aorta)

51
Q

What are the 3 criteria for febrile seizures

A

Age 3 months-6yrs
Fever >38 degrees C
Non-CNS infection

52
Q

What happens to consciousness during a Simple Partial Seizure

A

Consciousness is fully maintained

53
Q

What is the rooting reflex and by when does it disappear

A

When touching an infants cheek, he will move his head in the direction of touch and start a sucking motion. Disappears by 4 months of age

54
Q

Dx Absence Seizures

A

Brief impairment of consciousness. Pt usually unaware of attacks
Starring episodes, eye twitching, blinking, chewing, or hand movements
No convulsions, no post-ictal state
Tx: Ethosuximide or Valproic Acid

Pediatrics (12 decks)

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