Endocrinology Flashcards
What is Congenital Hypothyroidism
Usually due to some form of thyroid dysgensis like aplasia, hypoplasia or ectopic glands
Mom’s with autoimmune thyroiditis may pass auto antibodies to baby, Graves too
What is a worldwide cause of Congenital Hypothyroidism
Iodine deficiency
Sx of Congenital Hypothyroidism
Normal at birth because of mom’s T4
Start to notice sx at 6 wks
Early: Poor feeding, decreased activity, constipation, prolonged jaundice, skin mottling, umbilical hernia
Later: Large tongue, hoarse cry, puffy myxedema
Dx of Congenital Hypothyroidism
High TSH, low T4
Newborn Screening in US
Tx for Congenital Hypothyroidism
Levothyroxin
TSH should normalize at 1-2 months of age
By when is short stature apparent
2 years old
What should you tell parents with kids with short stature
Reassurance
That is hyperthyroidism
TSH is suppressed
T3/T4 is elevated
Usually due to Graves (auto auntibodies stimulate thryoid hormone production)
Sx of Hyperthyroidism
Nervousness, emotional lability, hyperactivity, fatigue, tremor, palpitations, excess appetite, weight loss, goiter, exophthalmos, tachycardia, wide pulse pressure
Tx for Hyperthyroidism
Beta blockers for sx
Remove thyroid
Methimazole
What causes Hypercalcemia
Hyperparathyroidism or a tumor
Sx of Hypercalcemia
Abdominal pain, polyuria, polydipsia, hypertension
Bone pain or pathologic fractures
Altered mental status
Tx for Hypercalcemia
Calcitriol to suppress PTH secretion
Resection of PT gland or adenoma
What is Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Genitall virilization in females with labial fusion, urogenital sinus, enlargement of clitoris, other evidence of androgen action.
In males, salt losing crisis, increased linear growth and advanced skeletal maturation
Tx for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Glucocorticoids to suppress excess androgen production
Mineralocorticoids (Fludrocortisone) to sustain normal electrolyte homeostasis
Surgery for females
