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Pediatrics > Orthopedics > Flashcards

Orthopedics Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Nursemaid’s Elbow

A

Dislocation or subluxation of radial head

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2
Q

What causes a Nursemaid’s Elbow

A

Sudden pull on an extended and pronated forearm, swinging a kid

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3
Q

Tx for Nursemaid’s Elbow

A

Reduction by pulling down on proximal radial head and supinating wrist

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4
Q

What is Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

A

Fracture through the growth plate that results in slippage of overlying end of femur (epiphysis)

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5
Q

Who is more likely to get SCFE

A

Obese, Black/Latino Boys 14-16yrs old

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6
Q

Sx of SCFE

A

Hip pain or limping
Referred pain to thigh or knee
Walks with hip abducted and externally rotated
Limited internal rotation

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7
Q

Dx of SCFE

A

Hip Xray in frog leg view
Shows widening of epiphyseal plate
Displacement of femoral head

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8
Q

Tx of SCFE

A

Emergency
No weight bearing
Can lead to avascular necrosis
Spica hip cast for 6-8wks

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9
Q

What is Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

A

Avascular necrosis of femoral head

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10
Q

Who is more likely to get Legg-Calve-Perthes

A

Bosy 4-8 years old

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11
Q

Sx of Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

A

Walks with a limp
Leg length discrepancy
Limited hip ROM
Gradual onset of pain

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12
Q

Dx of Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

A

Hip Xray first, but Hip MRI is preferred

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13
Q

Tx of Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

A

Orthopedic referral

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14
Q

What is Osgood Shlatter Disease

A

Osteochondritis of patellar tendon at tibial tuberosity from overuse or small avulsion

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15
Q

Sx of Osgood Shlatter Disease

A

Activity related knee pain/swelling

Lump below the knee

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16
Q

Dx of Osgood Schlatter Disease

A

Xray shows prominence or ossification at tibial tuberosity

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17
Q

Tx of Osgood Schlatter Disease

A

RICE, NSAIDS, quads stretching

Surgery only if growth plate is closed

18
Q

What is scoliosis

A

When the spine has lateral curvature greater than 10 degrees with vertebral rotation

19
Q

When should screening for scoliosis start

A

6 yrs old with Adam’s forward bending

Measure Cobb Angle via Xray

20
Q

Tx for Scoliosis

A

Bracing if 20-40 degrees

Observation if 40 degrees

21
Q

What is Congenital Hip Dysplasia

A

When the femoral head is not properly aligned with the acetabulum

22
Q

How can you screen for congenital hip dysplasia

A

Barlow Maneuver: Dislocation with posterior pressure on adducted hips
Ortolani Maneuver: Dislocation with anterior pressure on abducted hips

23
Q

What is the risk with Congenital Hip Dysplasia

A

Can lead to abnormal growth and permanent instability

24
Q

What type of neoplasm is Osteosarcoma

A

Most common malignant

25
Q

What age does Osteosarcoma peak

A

2 peaks: before 20yrs, after 50yrs

26
Q

Sx of Osteosarcoma

A

Pain, joint swelling, palpable soft tissue mass

27
Q

Dx of Osteosarcoma

A

Xray - Hair on end

28
Q

Tx of Osteosarcoma

A

Resection or amputation

Chemo as adjuvant

29
Q

What type of neoplasm is Ewing’s Sarcoma

A

Malignant

Giant Cell Tumor

30
Q

Sx of Ewing’s Sarcoma

A

Bone pain, palpable mass, joing swelling, fever

31
Q

Dx of Ewing’s Sarcoma

A

Onion Peel, Lytic lesions

32
Q

Tx of Ewing’s Sarcoma

A

Chemo, surgery, radiation

33
Q

What type of neoplasm is Osteochondroma

A

Most common benign

34
Q

Dx of Osteochondroma

A

Xray, pedunculated, grows away from growth plate

35
Q

Tx of Osteochondroma

A

Observation

Resection if sx

36
Q

What type of neoplasm is Paget’s Disease

A

Benign

Abnormal bone remodeling

37
Q

What is Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Autoimmune mono or polyarthritis in children under 16yrs

38
Q

What are 3 types of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Pauci-Articular: Oligoarticular
Systemic: Acute fever, JIA, daily arthritis
Salmon colored migratory rash
Polyarticular: At least 5 small joints affected, increased risk of iridocyclitis (eyes)

39
Q

Tx for Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

NSAIDS, Corticosteroids, Methotrexate, Eye Exams

40
Q

How do you tx Scoliosis

A

Observation for most
Bracing if 20-40 degrees
Surgery if >40 degrees

41
Q

Dx for Avascular Necrosis

A

Hip Xray is initial study: results depend on progression of disease
Normal joint space widened to stress fracture to epiphyseal fragmentation to bony destruction
Hip MRI is preferred

Pediatrics (12 decks)

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