Pulmonary Flashcards
PIE syndromes
Pulmonary Infiltrates w/ Eosinophilia
Churg-Strauss
Loeffler’s
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
Drugs that cause pulmonary eosinophilia
Nitrofurantoin
Sulfonamides
Most common congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Bochdalek hernia
More commonly on the posterior left side
Morgagni hernia
Anterior / middle of diaphragm
Bowel sounds in thorax
u/s finding at birth, immediate surgery
Respiratory acidosis
Obstructive lung disease
Stridor on auscultation
Inspiration: Extrathoracic narrowing
Expiration: Intrathoracic narrowing
Ronchi
Mucus in the airway (obstructive)
Crackles
Blowing collapsed alveoli open (restrictive)
Tracheal deviation
Moves away from tension, toward atelactasis
Restrictive lung disease
Small stiff lungs can’t get air in
Obstructive lung disease
Mucus filled lungs, cannot get air out
Tracheitis
Acute URI
Pt is toxic
Grey pseudomembranes, leukocytosis
Bronchiolitis
Asthma in kids less than 2 yo
Tooth pain worsens with bending forward
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses
Bronchiectasis
Bad breath, purulent sputum, hemoptysis
Bronchitis
Blue bloater: increased sputum production
Emphysema
Obstructive disease
a-1-antitrypsin deficiency
Laryngomalacia
Epiglottis rolls in from side to side
PE on ECG
Large S in I
Large Q in III
Inverted T in III
Tracheomalacia
Soft cartilage and stridor since birth
Cystic Fibrosis
Defective chloride transporter
Meconium ileus
Steatorrhea
Bronchiectasis
Silicosis
Sandblasters and glassblowers
Byssinosis
Cotton workers and textile workers
Berylliosis
Radio, TV repair, fluorescent light bulbs
Aerospace manufacturing
Mining it
Anthracosis
Coal workers
Extensive fibrosis
Eggshell calcification around lymph nodes
Sarcoidosis: NON-Caseating granulomas
Small Cell Lung Ca
Located at carina
Malignant
Cushing’s, SIADH, SVC syndrome
Bronchoalveolar CA
Looks like pneumonia
From pneumoconiosis, non-smokers
Atypical Pneumonia
Prolonged illness, low fever, older people
Diffuse on X-Ray (typical is unilobar)
Haemophilus, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia
FEV1 / FVC
Obstructive: Low (Increased FVC)
Restrictive: Normal or High (decreased FVC)
Isoproterenol
non-specific b-Helper
Maintains BP, breathing under anesthesia, tx bronchoconstriction due to sympathetic tone
Albuterol
B2-helper, relaxing bronchial SM
Salmeterol
B2-Helper, relaxing bronchial SM
Long acting for prophylaxis
Methylxanthines
Theophylline
PDE inhibitors: decrease cAMP hydrolysis
Promote bronchodilator
Muscarinic antagonists
Ipratropium
Prevent bronchoconstriction (muscarinic)
Used for Asthma and COPD
Cromolyn
Prevents mast cell chemical release
For asthma prophylaxis
Montelukast, Zileutron, Zafirlukast
Antileukotrienes, for aspirin induced asthma
5-Lipoxygenase inhibitor
2nd Gen Anti-Histamines
Loratadine, Fexofenadine, Desloratadine, Cetirizine
Expectorants
Guanfacin
NaC: breaks disulfide bonds in mucus plugs (Cystic Fibrosis)
Bosentan
Endothelium-1 blocker
Decreases pulmonary vascular resistance
Tx pulmonary hypertension
Dextromethorphan
NMDA-blocker, Antitussive
Mild opioid effect
Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine
a-Helper sympathomimetics
OTC nasal decongestants
Asthma test
Methacholine (muscarinic helper) challenge
Screening for lung CA
50 - 80 yo AND 20+ Pack years AND quit within the last 15
CT
Asbestositis
Restrictive
