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Clues > Pulmonary > Flashcards

Pulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

PIE syndromes

A

Pulmonary Infiltrates w/ Eosinophilia
Churg-Strauss
Loeffler’s
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis

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2
Q

Drugs that cause pulmonary eosinophilia

A

Nitrofurantoin
Sulfonamides

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3
Q

Most common congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A

Bochdalek hernia
More commonly on the posterior left side

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4
Q

Morgagni hernia

A

Anterior / middle of diaphragm
Bowel sounds in thorax
u/s finding at birth, immediate surgery

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5
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

Obstructive lung disease

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6
Q

Stridor on auscultation

A

Inspiration: Extrathoracic narrowing
Expiration: Intrathoracic narrowing

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7
Q

Ronchi

A

Mucus in the airway (obstructive)

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8
Q

Crackles

A

Blowing collapsed alveoli open (restrictive)

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9
Q

Tracheal deviation

A

Moves away from tension, toward atelactasis

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10
Q

Restrictive lung disease

A

Small stiff lungs can’t get air in

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11
Q

Obstructive lung disease

A

Mucus filled lungs, cannot get air out

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12
Q

Tracheitis

A

Acute URI
Pt is toxic
Grey pseudomembranes, leukocytosis

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13
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

Asthma in kids less than 2 yo

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14
Q

Tooth pain worsens with bending forward

A

Sinusitis
Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses

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15
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Bad breath, purulent sputum, hemoptysis

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16
Q

Bronchitis

A

Blue bloater: increased sputum production

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17
Q

Emphysema

A

Obstructive disease
a-1-antitrypsin deficiency

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18
Q

Laryngomalacia

A

Epiglottis rolls in from side to side

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19
Q

PE on ECG

A

Large S in I
Large Q in III
Inverted T in III

20
Q

Tracheomalacia

A

Soft cartilage and stridor since birth

21
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Defective chloride transporter
Meconium ileus
Steatorrhea
Bronchiectasis

22
Q

Silicosis

A

Sandblasters and glassblowers

23
Q

Byssinosis

A

Cotton workers and textile workers

24
Q

Berylliosis

A

Radio, TV repair, fluorescent light bulbs
Aerospace manufacturing
Mining it

25
Q

Anthracosis

A

Coal workers
Extensive fibrosis

26
Q

Eggshell calcification around lymph nodes

A

Sarcoidosis: NON-Caseating granulomas

27
Q

Small Cell Lung Ca

A

Located at carina
Malignant
Cushing’s, SIADH, SVC syndrome

28
Q

Bronchoalveolar CA

A

Looks like pneumonia
From pneumoconiosis, non-smokers

29
Q

Atypical Pneumonia

A

Prolonged illness, low fever, older people
Diffuse on X-Ray (typical is unilobar)
Haemophilus, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia

30
Q

FEV1 / FVC

A

Obstructive: Low (Increased FVC)
Restrictive: Normal or High (decreased FVC)

31
Q

Isoproterenol

A

non-specific b-Helper
Maintains BP, breathing under anesthesia, tx bronchoconstriction due to sympathetic tone

32
Q

Albuterol

A

B2-helper, relaxing bronchial SM

33
Q

Salmeterol

A

B2-Helper, relaxing bronchial SM
Long acting for prophylaxis

34
Q

Methylxanthines

A

Theophylline
PDE inhibitors: decrease cAMP hydrolysis
Promote bronchodilator

35
Q

Muscarinic antagonists

A

Ipratropium
Prevent bronchoconstriction (muscarinic)
Used for Asthma and COPD

36
Q

Cromolyn

A

Prevents mast cell chemical release
For asthma prophylaxis

37
Q

Montelukast, Zileutron, Zafirlukast

A

Antileukotrienes, for aspirin induced asthma
5-Lipoxygenase inhibitor

38
Q

2nd Gen Anti-Histamines

A

Loratadine, Fexofenadine, Desloratadine, Cetirizine

39
Q

Expectorants

A

Guanfacin
NaC: breaks disulfide bonds in mucus plugs (Cystic Fibrosis)

40
Q

Bosentan

A

Endothelium-1 blocker
Decreases pulmonary vascular resistance
Tx pulmonary hypertension

41
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

NMDA-blocker, Antitussive
Mild opioid effect

42
Q

Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine

A

a-Helper sympathomimetics
OTC nasal decongestants

43
Q

Asthma test

A

Methacholine (muscarinic helper) challenge

44
Q

Screening for lung CA

A

50 - 80 yo AND 20+ Pack years AND quit within the last 15
CT

45
Q

Asbestositis

A

Restrictive

Clues (14 decks)

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