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Clues > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is hemochromatosis?

A

Iron deposits in organs
Hyperpigmentation, Bronze DM, Arthritis

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2
Q

What murmur has water hammer pulse?

A

Aortic Regurgitation

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3
Q

What murmur has Pulsus Tardus?

A

Aortic Stenosis

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4
Q

What cardiomyopathy has Pulsus Alternans?

A

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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5
Q

Regular-Irregular pulse

A

Premature Ventricular Contraction

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6
Q

What sound radiates to the axilla?

A

Mitral Regurgitation

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7
Q

What sound radiates to the back?

A

Pulmonic Stenosis

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8
Q

Boot shape on X-Ray

A

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

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9
Q

Banana shape on X-Ray

A

Idiopathic Hypertrophic Sub-Aortic Stenosis (IHSS)

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10
Q

Egg shape on X-Ray

A

Transposition of the Great Vessels

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11
Q

Snowman shape on X-Ray

A

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

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12
Q

“3” shape on X-Ray

A

Coarctation of the Aorta

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13
Q

Osler-Weber-Rendu

A

AV Malformation in Lung, GI, CNS
AVM sequestering platelets causes telangiectasias

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14
Q

Von Hippel-Lindau

A

AD Chr 3 Mut
Predisposition to RCC, AVM in head and retina

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15
Q

Holosystolic Murmurs

A

Tricuspid Regurgitation
Mitral Regurgitation
VSD

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16
Q

Diastolic Blowing Murmurs

A

Aortic Regurgitation
Pulmonic Regurgitation

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17
Q

Diastolic Rumbling Murmurs

A

Tricuspid Stenosis
Mitral Stenosis

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18
Q

Ejection Click

A

Aortic Stenosis
Pulmonic Stenosis

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19
Q

S2 Split Cause

A

Normal on inspiration
Pulmonic valve closing late

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20
Q

Wide Fixed S2 Split

A

ASD

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21
Q

Paradoxical S2 Split

A

Aortic Stenosis
LBBB

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22
Q

Cause of Transposition of Great Vessels

A

Aorticopulmonary Septum didn’t spiral
NCC migration problem

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23
Q

Drugs acting on RAAS

A

ACE Inhibitors
ARBs

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24
Q

ACE Inhibitor mechanism

A

Inhibits Ang I conversion to II

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25
Q

Indications for ACE inhibitors

A

HTN
CHF
Most-MI
Vasodilation

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26
Q

Adverse effects of ACE Inhibitors

A

Hyperkalemia
Cough
Angioedema
Fetal Renal Malformations (c/I Pregnancy)

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27
Q

Adverse effects of Losartan

A

Fetal Renal Toxicity
Hyperkalemia

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28
Q

Selective B1 blockers

A

Metoprolol
Atenolol
Acebutolol
Esmolol

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29
Q

B1 and B2 blockers

A

Propranolol
Timolol

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30
Q

A and B Blockers

A

Carvedilol

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31
Q

B-Blocker indications

A

HTN, Angina, MI, Anti-arrhythmic

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32
Q

Adverse effects of B blockers

A

Impotence, Asthma, Bradycardia, AV Block, HF, Sedation, Sleep Alterations
C/I w/ Non-DHP CCBs (Diltiazem, Verapamil)

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33
Q

Prazosin

A

A1 Blocker, Vasodilator, Decreases TPR
Used for Pheocromocytoma, HTN

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34
Q

Clonidine

A

A2 Agonist: Decreases TPR
HTN, Smoking / Cocaine / H withdrawl
AE: Dry Mouth, Rebound HTN w/ d/c

35
Q

Methyldopa

A

A2 Agonist: Decreases TPR
Tx HTN
AE: Sedation, Hemolytic Anemia, +Coombs

36
Q

Hexamethonium

A

Nicotinic Ganglion Blocker
Tx HTN Emergency
AE: HPTN, Blurred vision, Constipation, Sexual Dysfunction

37
Q

Reserpine

A

Prevents monoamine storage into vesicle
Tx HTN
AE: Depression

38
Q

Guanethidine

A

Interferes w/ NorEPI release
Tx Severe HTN
c/I w/ TCAs

39
Q

Hydralazine

A

Increases cGMP: Vasodilators
Tx HTN (1st Line in Pregnancy)
AE: SLE, compensatory tach: c/I w/ angina/CAD

40
Q

Minoxidil

A

K+ channel opener: SM relaxer
Tx Severe HTN
AE: Hyertrichosis, Pericardial Effusion

41
Q

CCBs

A

Nifedipine and Verapamil
Tx HTN, Angina, Raynaud’s, Prinzmental
Verapamil for Arrhythmias
AE: Flushing, Dizziness, Edema, Cardiac Depression

42
Q

Nitroprusside

A

NO blocker, Increasing cGMP: Vasodilatior
Tx HTN Emergency, CHF, Angina
AE: Cyanide Toxicity, HPTN, short acting

43
Q

Diazoxide

A

K+ Channel Opener: SM relaxer
Tx HTN
AE: Hyperglycemia, HPTN

44
Q

Niacin

A

Inhibits Lipolysis, reducing VLDL secretion
AE: flushing, aspirin, hyperglycemia, hyeruricemia

45
Q

Bile Acid Resins

A

Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Colesevelam
Prevents intestinal reabsorption
Increases HDL, Decreases LDL
AE: Decreased ADEK, Cholesterol Stones

46
Q

Ezetimibe

A

Cholesterol reabsorption at small Intestine: Decreases LDL

47
Q

Fibrates

A

Upregulate LPL, TAG clearance
Strong decrease of TAGS
AE: Myositis, Hepatotoxicity, Cholesterol Gallstones

48
Q

Digoxin MOA

A

Direct Na/K ATPASE inhibitor
Positive Inotrope
Stimulates Vagus N

49
Q

AEs of Digoxin

A

Cholinergic
Increase PR, Decreased QT, Worsened RF

50
Q

Digoxin toxicity treatment

A

Quinidine: displaces from tissue binding sites.

51
Q

Nesiritide

A

Recombinant B-NP: Vasodilates b/c cGMP
Tx Acute Decompensated HF
AE: HPTN

52
Q

IA Anti-Arrhythmics

A

Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide
Na Channel Blockers

53
Q

IA Anti-Arrhythmic indications

A

Increase AP, Increase effective refractory period, Increase QT, Affect reentrant and ectopic SVT and V Tach.

54
Q

AE of IA Anti-Arrhythmics

A

Quinidine: Cinchonism
Procainamide: Torsades de Pointe

55
Q

IB Anti-Arrhythmics

A

Lidocaine, Mexilitine, Phenytoin
Na Channel Blockers

56
Q

Indications for IB’s

A

Decreased AP, Acute Ventricular Arrhythmias, Local Anesthesia

57
Q

Ads of IB Anti-Arrhythmics

A

CNS Stimulation and Depression
CV Depression
Hyperkalemia Increases Toxicity

58
Q

IC Anti-Arrhythmics

A

Flecainide, Encainide, Propafenone
Na Channel Blockers

59
Q

IC Indications

A

V Tach progressing to V Fib
Last Resort

60
Q

IC AEs

A

Prolonged refractory period in AV node
Hyperkalemia increases its toxicity

61
Q

K+ Channel Blockers

A

Sotalol, Ibutilide, Bretylium, AMIODARONE

62
Q

K+ Channel MOA

A

Increases AP duration, Effective refractory period, QT

63
Q

Indications for K+ Channel Blocker

A

A Fib, A Flutter, V Tach

64
Q

Ca Channel Blockers

A

Verapamil, Diltiazem
Decreases Conduction velocity of AV
Increases ERP an d PR interval
Tx SVT, prevent nodal arrhythmias
AE: CHF, AV Block, Flushing, Edema

65
Q

Adenosine

A

Increases K Efflux: Hyperpolarizes cell
Dx and Tx AV Nodal Arrhythmias

66
Q

Effects of K+ on the heart

A

Depresses ectopic pacemaker in Hypokalemia

67
Q

Indications for Mg

A

Torsades and Digoxin toxicity

68
Q

Ivabradine

A

Block Funny Na Channel
Negative Chronotrope
Tx chronic stable angina, HFREF
AE: Visual brightness

69
Q

Treat A Fib w/ RVR

A

b-Blocker or CCB

70
Q

Treat CHrEF

71
Q

Lab findings of Cardiogenic Shock

A

Increased SVR (trying to help the heart)
Decreased CO (Insult was to heart)
Increased RAP, PCWP (blood building up, can’t get out)

72
Q

Lab findings of Distributive Shock

A

Decreased SVR (Whole system affected, vessels dilated)
Increased CO (trying to make up for dilation)
Decreased RAP, PCWP (heart pumping fast, not letting that much blood in at a time)

73
Q

Lab findings of Hypovolemic Shock

A

Increased SVR (trying to make up for blood loss)
Decreased CO (not enough blood to pump)
Decreased RAP, PCWP (not enough blood to fill up heart)

74
Q

Lab findings of Neurogenic Shock

A

Decreased SVR (nerves can’t pressurize system)
Decreased CO (nerves can’t activate heart)

75
Q

Lab findings of Obstructive Shock

A

Increased SVR (Pressure building up from obstruction)
Decreased CO (can’t get anything out past the obstruction)

76
Q

Where are CABG grafts taken from

A

Left internal thoracic
Second choice saphenous vein

77
Q

Treat peripheral artery disease

A

Aspirin and a statin

78
Q

Decrescendo Diastolic murmur at LSB

79
Q

Tx Bacterial meningitis

A

up to 50 yo: Coftriaxone and vanc
50 and older: Ceftriaxone, vanc, and ampicillin (for listeria)

80
Q

B-blocker contraindications

A

Asthma
Cocaine (use Nitroprusside instead)

81
Q

Diastolic blowing murmur

82
Q

Ejection Click

A

A/P stenosis
Aortic also has a paradoxical s2 split

83
Q

Wide fixed split S2

Clues (14 decks)

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