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Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is hemochromatosis?

A

Iron deposits in organs
Hyperpigmentation, Bronze DM, Arthritis

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2
Q

What murmur has water hammer pulse?

A

Aortic Regurgitation

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3
Q

What murmur has Pulsus Tardus?

A

Aortic Stenosis

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4
Q

What cardiomyopathy has Pulsus Alternans?

A

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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5
Q

Regular-Irregular pulse

A

Premature Ventricular Contraction

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6
Q

What sound radiates to the axilla?

A

Mitral Regurgitation

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7
Q

What sound radiates to the back?

A

Pulmonic Stenosis

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8
Q

Boot shape on X-Ray

A

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

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9
Q

Banana shape on X-Ray

A

Idiopathic Hypertrophic Sub-Aortic Stenosis (IHSS)

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10
Q

Egg shape on X-Ray

A

Transposition of the Great Vessels

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11
Q

Snowman shape on X-Ray

A

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

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12
Q

“3” shape on X-Ray

A

Coarctation of the Aorta

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13
Q

Osler-Weber-Rendu

A

AV Malformation in Lung, GI, CNS
AVM sequestering platelets causes telangiectasias

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14
Q

Von Hippel-Lindau

A

AD Chr 3 Mut
Predisposition to RCC, AVM in head and retina

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15
Q

Holosystolic Murmurs

A

Tricuspid Regurgitation
Mitral Regurgitation
VSD

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16
Q

Diastolic Blowing Murmurs

A

Aortic Regurgitation
Pulmonic Regurgitation

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17
Q

Diastolic Rumbling Murmurs

A

Tricuspid Stenosis
Mitral Stenosis

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18
Q

Ejection Click

A

Aortic Stenosis
Pulmonic Stenosis

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19
Q

S2 Split Cause

A

Normal on inspiration
Pulmonic valve closing late

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20
Q

Wide Fixed S2 Split

A

ASD

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21
Q

Paradoxical S2 Split

A

Aortic Stenosis
LBBB

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22
Q

Cause of Transposition of Great Vessels

A

Aorticopulmonary Septum didn’t spiral
NCC migration problem

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23
Q

Drugs acting on RAAS

A

ACE Inhibitors
ARBs

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24
Q

ACE Inhibitor mechanism

A

Inhibits Ang I conversion to II

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25
Indications for ACE inhibitors
HTN CHF Most-MI Vasodilation
26
Adverse effects of ACE Inhibitors
Hyperkalemia Cough Angioedema Fetal Renal Malformations (c/I Pregnancy)
27
Adverse effects of Losartan
Fetal Renal Toxicity Hyperkalemia
28
Selective B1 blockers
Metoprolol Atenolol Acebutolol Esmolol
29
B1 and B2 blockers
Propranolol Timolol
30
A and B Blockers
Carvedilol
31
B-Blocker indications
HTN, Angina, MI, Anti-arrhythmic
32
Adverse effects of B blockers
Impotence, Asthma, Bradycardia, AV Block, HF, Sedation, Sleep Alterations C/I w/ Non-DHP CCBs (Diltiazem, Verapamil)
33
Prazosin
A1 Blocker, Vasodilator, Decreases TPR Used for Pheocromocytoma, HTN
34
Clonidine
A2 Agonist: Decreases TPR HTN, Smoking / Cocaine / H withdrawl AE: Dry Mouth, Rebound HTN w/ d/c
35
Methyldopa
A2 Agonist: Decreases TPR Tx HTN AE: Sedation, Hemolytic Anemia, +Coombs
36
Hexamethonium
Nicotinic Ganglion Blocker Tx HTN Emergency AE: HPTN, Blurred vision, Constipation, Sexual Dysfunction
37
Reserpine
Prevents monoamine storage into vesicle Tx HTN AE: Depression
38
Guanethidine
Interferes w/ NorEPI release Tx Severe HTN c/I w/ TCAs
39
Hydralazine
Increases cGMP: Vasodilators Tx HTN (1st Line in Pregnancy) AE: SLE, compensatory tach: c/I w/ angina/CAD
40
Minoxidil
K+ channel opener: SM relaxer Tx Severe HTN AE: Hyertrichosis, Pericardial Effusion
41
CCBs
Nifedipine and Verapamil Tx HTN, Angina, Raynaud's, Prinzmental Verapamil for Arrhythmias AE: Flushing, Dizziness, Edema, Cardiac Depression
42
Nitroprusside
NO blocker, Increasing cGMP: Vasodilatior Tx HTN Emergency, CHF, Angina AE: Cyanide Toxicity, HPTN, short acting
43
Diazoxide
K+ Channel Opener: SM relaxer Tx HTN AE: Hyperglycemia, HPTN
44
Niacin
Inhibits Lipolysis, reducing VLDL secretion AE: flushing, aspirin, hyperglycemia, hyeruricemia
45
Bile Acid Resins
Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Colesevelam Prevents intestinal reabsorption Increases HDL, Decreases LDL AE: Decreased ADEK, Cholesterol Stones
46
Ezetimibe
Cholesterol reabsorption at small Intestine: Decreases LDL
47
Fibrates
Upregulate LPL, TAG clearance Strong decrease of TAGS AE: Myositis, Hepatotoxicity, Cholesterol Gallstones
48
Digoxin MOA
Direct Na/K ATPASE inhibitor Positive Inotrope Stimulates Vagus N
49
AEs of Digoxin
Cholinergic Increase PR, Decreased QT, Worsened RF
50
Digoxin toxicity treatment
Quinidine: displaces from tissue binding sites.
51
Nesiritide
Recombinant B-NP: Vasodilates b/c cGMP Tx Acute Decompensated HF AE: HPTN
52
IA Anti-Arrhythmics
Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide Na Channel Blockers
53
IA Anti-Arrhythmic indications
Increase AP, Increase effective refractory period, Increase QT, Affect reentrant and ectopic SVT and V Tach.
54
AE of IA Anti-Arrhythmics
Quinidine: Cinchonism Procainamide: Torsades de Pointe
55
IB Anti-Arrhythmics
Lidocaine, Mexilitine, Phenytoin Na Channel Blockers
56
Indications for IB's
Decreased AP, Acute Ventricular Arrhythmias, Local Anesthesia
57
Ads of IB Anti-Arrhythmics
CNS Stimulation and Depression CV Depression Hyperkalemia Increases Toxicity
58
IC Anti-Arrhythmics
Flecainide, Encainide, Propafenone Na Channel Blockers
59
IC Indications
V Tach progressing to V Fib Last Resort
60
IC AEs
Prolonged refractory period in AV node Hyperkalemia increases its toxicity
61
K+ Channel Blockers
Sotalol, Ibutilide, Bretylium, AMIODARONE
62
K+ Channel MOA
Increases AP duration, Effective refractory period, QT
63
Indications for K+ Channel Blocker
A Fib, A Flutter, V Tach
64
Ca Channel Blockers
Verapamil, Diltiazem Decreases Conduction velocity of AV Increases ERP an d PR interval Tx SVT, prevent nodal arrhythmias AE: CHF, AV Block, Flushing, Edema
65
Adenosine
Increases K Efflux: Hyperpolarizes cell Dx and Tx AV Nodal Arrhythmias
66
Effects of K+ on the heart
Depresses ectopic pacemaker in Hypokalemia
67
Indications for Mg
Torsades and Digoxin toxicity
68
Ivabradine
Block Funny Na Channel Negative Chronotrope Tx chronic stable angina, HFREF AE: Visual brightness
69
Treat A Fib w/ RVR
b-Blocker or CCB
70
Treat CHrEF
B-Blocker
71
Lab findings of Cardiogenic Shock
Increased SVR (trying to help the heart) Decreased CO (Insult was to heart) Increased RAP, PCWP (blood building up, can't get out)
72
Lab findings of Distributive Shock
Decreased SVR (Whole system affected, vessels dilated) Increased CO (trying to make up for dilation) Decreased RAP, PCWP (heart pumping fast, not letting that much blood in at a time)
73
Lab findings of Hypovolemic Shock
Increased SVR (trying to make up for blood loss) Decreased CO (not enough blood to pump) Decreased RAP, PCWP (not enough blood to fill up heart)
74
Lab findings of Neurogenic Shock
Decreased SVR (nerves can't pressurize system) Decreased CO (nerves can't activate heart)
75
Lab findings of Obstructive Shock
Increased SVR (Pressure building up from obstruction) Decreased CO (can't get anything out past the obstruction)
76
Where are CABG grafts taken from
Left internal thoracic Second choice saphenous vein
77
Treat peripheral artery disease
Aspirin and a statin
78
Decrescendo Diastolic murmur at LSB
AR
79
Tx Bacterial meningitis
up to 50 yo: Coftriaxone and vanc 50 and older: Ceftriaxone, vanc, and ampicillin (for listeria)
80
B-blocker contraindications
Asthma Cocaine (use Nitroprusside instead)
81
Diastolic blowing murmur
AV Regurg
82
Ejection Click
A/P stenosis Aortic also has a paradoxical s2 split
83
Wide fixed split S2
ASD

Clues (14 decks)

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