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Clues > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Cushing’s Triad

A

Hypertension, Bradycardia, Irregular breathing
Signs of ICP

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2
Q

Dandy Walker

A

No cerebellum
Distended 4th and lateral ventricles

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3
Q

Arnold Chiari malformations

A

I: Cerebeller tonsils, ASx
II: Vermis, medulla. Hydrocephalus, syringomyelia

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4
Q

Closed-Angle glaucoma

A

Obstruction of canal of Schlemm
Sudden onset, emergency

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5
Q

Watershed areas

A

Hippocampus, Splenic flexure

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6
Q

Bugs and their lobes

A

Frontal: Rubella
Temporal: HSV
Parietal: Toxo
Hippocampus: Rabies
Posterior Fossa: Tb

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7
Q

Tract affected by Syphilis

A

DCML

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8
Q

Bleed with lucid interval

A

Epidural hematoma

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9
Q

Astrocytoma

A

Rosenthal fibers
Children with occipital HA

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10
Q

Ependymoma

A

Rosettes in the 4th ventricle
Hydrocephalus

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11
Q

Craniopharyngioma

A

Motor oil Bx
Rathke’s Push
ADH problem
Bitemporal Hemianopsia

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12
Q

Glioblastoma Multiforme

A

Pseudopalisading, necrosis
Worst Px
Intralesional Hemorrhage

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13
Q

Hemangioblastoma

A

In the cerebellum, associated with VHL

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14
Q

Medulloblastoma

A

Pseudorosettes compressing the brain
Early morning vomiting

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15
Q

Meningioma

A

Parasagittal
Psammoma Bodies, Whirling pattern, Best Px

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16
Q

Oligodendroglioma

A

Fried Egg appearance, Nodular Calcification

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17
Q

Pinealoma

A

Loss of upward gaze, loss of circadian rhythms
Precocious puberty

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18
Q

Schwannoma

A

CN 8 nerve tumor
Unilateral deafness

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19
Q

NF

A

Cafe au lait spots
Peripheral nerve tumors, axillary freckles
1: Chr 17, Optic glioma, Lisch nodules, scoliosis
2: Chr 22, Acoustic neuromas, cataracts, b/l deafness

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20
Q

Sturge Weber

A

Port wine stain
Retinal angioma
Epilepsy
Mental retardation

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21
Q

Tuberous sclerosis

A

Ash leaf spots
Primary brain tumors
Heart rhabdomyolysis
RCC
Leathery Shagreen patches

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22
Q

Labyrinthitis

A

Inflammation of cochlear ear
Hearing loss and tinnitus

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23
Q

s/e of valproic acid

A

PANCREATITIS

24
Q

PML

A

JC virus attacks oligodendrocytes
Can be re-activated by Natalizumab (IBD)

25
Q

Lewy body histo

A

Cluster of round, dense cells with eosinophilic core, halo

26
Q

MLF dysfunction

A

Pontine A stroke (lacunar) damages unilateral MLF
MS causes bilateral MLF dysfunction
(MLF is responsible for opposite eye adduction)

27
Q

Glasses shapes

A

Myopia gets Concave lenses

28
Q

Hyphema

A

Trauma causes blood to pool at the bottom of the anterior chamber

29
Q

Esotropia

A

Cross-eyed

30
Q

Hypopyon

A

Anterior uveitis causes pus to pool in the bottom of the anterior chamber

31
Q

Sub-conjuctival hemorrhage

A

Spontaneous, diffuse, with no pain or visual effects

32
Q

Drusen

A

Lipids and proteins in Brusch membrane
Associate with age-related macular degeneration

33
Q

Vitreous hemorrhage

A

Occurs in shaken baby (abuse)

34
Q

Increased cup:disc

A

Glaucoma

35
Q

Dot-blot hemorrhages in eye

A

micro hemorrhages from diabetic retinopathy

36
Q

Where does the dura attach

A

C2 and 3 to S2
Responsible for cranial motion

37
Q

Anterior Cerebral A stroke

A

Contralateral LE sensory, motor loss

38
Q

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar (AICA) A stroke

A

Vertigo, facial paralysis
Ipsilateral Horner, ataxia, deafness
contralateral body pain/temp loss

39
Q

Anterior Spinal A stroke

A

Contralateral paralysis, loss of proprioception
Ipsilateral tongue deviation

40
Q

Basilar A stroke

A

Quadriplegia, almost everything lost
Locked in syndrome if the RAS is spared

41
Q

Lentiulostriate A stroke

A

Contralateral pure motor loss

42
Q

Middle cerebral a stroke

A

Contralateral paralysis and sensory loss (mostly UE, face)
Temporal: Wernickes
Frontal: Broca’s

43
Q

Posterior cerebral a stroke

A

contralateral hemianopsia with macular sparing

44
Q

Posterior inferior cerebellar a (PICA) stroke

A

Dysphagia, hoarseness, absent gag reflex
Ipsilateral Horner’s, ataxia
Decrease pain/temp on contralateral body, ipsilateral face

45
Q

GCS for eye responses

A
  1. No Eye opening
  2. Open to pain
  3. Open to voice
  4. Open spontaneously
46
Q

GCS for Verbal Responses

A
  1. Nothing
  2. Incomprehensible sounds
  3. Words but nonsense
  4. Confused
  5. Nonsense
47
Q

GCS for Motor response

A
  1. None
  2. Extension to pain (decerebrate)
  3. Abdominal flexion to pain (decorticate)
  4. Flexion / Withdrawal to pain
  5. Localizes pain
  6. Obeys commands
48
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Fast acting, Short lasting
depolarizing
2 phases of action

49
Q

Cisatracurium

A

Non-depolarizing
Intermediate onset / duration
SE: HPTN from histamine
Used in RF, undergoes Hoffman elimination

50
Q

Rocuronium

A

Non-Depolarizing
Fast acting, medium-lasting
Hepatotoxic

51
Q

Pancuronium

A

Non-Depolarizing
Slow acting, long-lasting
Tachycardia
Renal metabolism

52
Q

Hemiballismus

A

From lacunar infarct to contralateral sub thalamic nuclei

53
Q

Gestermann Syndrome

A

Dominant hemisphere stroke to angular gyrus in Parietal
Finger agnosia, can’t math, write, read, L/R disorientation

54
Q

Hemispatial Hemineglect Syndrome

A

Inferior Parietal lobe of non-dominant hemisphere
Spacial neglect of non-dominant hemisphere

55
Q

Perinaud Syndrome

A

Balance difficulties, conjugate downward gaze (setting sun), insomnia, nystagmus
From Pineal gland tumor compressing the pre-tectal midbrain (aka dorsal midbrain syndrome)

Clues (14 decks)

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