Neurology Flashcards
Cushing’s Triad
Hypertension, Bradycardia, Irregular breathing
Signs of ICP
Dandy Walker
No cerebellum
Distended 4th and lateral ventricles
Arnold Chiari malformations
I: Cerebeller tonsils, ASx
II: Vermis, medulla. Hydrocephalus, syringomyelia
Closed-Angle glaucoma
Obstruction of canal of Schlemm
Sudden onset, emergency
Watershed areas
Hippocampus, Splenic flexure
Bugs and their lobes
Frontal: Rubella
Temporal: HSV
Parietal: Toxo
Hippocampus: Rabies
Posterior Fossa: Tb
Tract affected by Syphilis
DCML
Bleed with lucid interval
Epidural hematoma
Astrocytoma
Rosenthal fibers
Children with occipital HA
Ependymoma
Rosettes in the 4th ventricle
Hydrocephalus
Craniopharyngioma
Motor oil Bx
Rathke’s Push
ADH problem
Bitemporal Hemianopsia
Glioblastoma Multiforme
Pseudopalisading, necrosis
Worst Px
Intralesional Hemorrhage
Hemangioblastoma
In the cerebellum, associated with VHL
Medulloblastoma
Pseudorosettes compressing the brain
Early morning vomiting
Meningioma
Parasagittal
Psammoma Bodies, Whirling pattern, Best Px
Oligodendroglioma
Fried Egg appearance, Nodular Calcification
Pinealoma
Loss of upward gaze, loss of circadian rhythms
Precocious puberty
Schwannoma
CN 8 nerve tumor
Unilateral deafness
NF
Cafe au lait spots
Peripheral nerve tumors, axillary freckles
1: Chr 17, Optic glioma, Lisch nodules, scoliosis
2: Chr 22, Acoustic neuromas, cataracts, b/l deafness
Sturge Weber
Port wine stain
Retinal angioma
Epilepsy
Mental retardation
Tuberous sclerosis
Ash leaf spots
Primary brain tumors
Heart rhabdomyolysis
RCC
Leathery Shagreen patches
Labyrinthitis
Inflammation of cochlear ear
Hearing loss and tinnitus
s/e of valproic acid
PANCREATITIS
PML
JC virus attacks oligodendrocytes
Can be re-activated by Natalizumab (IBD)
Lewy body histo
Cluster of round, dense cells with eosinophilic core, halo
MLF dysfunction
Pontine A stroke (lacunar) damages unilateral MLF
MS causes bilateral MLF dysfunction
(MLF is responsible for opposite eye adduction)
Glasses shapes
Myopia gets Concave lenses
Hyphema
Trauma causes blood to pool at the bottom of the anterior chamber
Esotropia
Cross-eyed
Hypopyon
Anterior uveitis causes pus to pool in the bottom of the anterior chamber
Sub-conjuctival hemorrhage
Spontaneous, diffuse, with no pain or visual effects
Drusen
Lipids and proteins in Brusch membrane
Associate with age-related macular degeneration
Vitreous hemorrhage
Occurs in shaken baby (abuse)
Increased cup:disc
Glaucoma
Dot-blot hemorrhages in eye
micro hemorrhages from diabetic retinopathy
Where does the dura attach
C2 and 3 to S2
Responsible for cranial motion
Anterior Cerebral A stroke
Contralateral LE sensory, motor loss
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar (AICA) A stroke
Vertigo, facial paralysis
Ipsilateral Horner, ataxia, deafness
contralateral body pain/temp loss
Anterior Spinal A stroke
Contralateral paralysis, loss of proprioception
Ipsilateral tongue deviation
Basilar A stroke
Quadriplegia, almost everything lost
Locked in syndrome if the RAS is spared
Lentiulostriate A stroke
Contralateral pure motor loss
Middle cerebral a stroke
Contralateral paralysis and sensory loss (mostly UE, face)
Temporal: Wernickes
Frontal: Broca’s
Posterior cerebral a stroke
contralateral hemianopsia with macular sparing
Posterior inferior cerebellar a (PICA) stroke
Dysphagia, hoarseness, absent gag reflex
Ipsilateral Horner’s, ataxia
Decrease pain/temp on contralateral body, ipsilateral face
GCS for eye responses
- No Eye opening
- Open to pain
- Open to voice
- Open spontaneously
GCS for Verbal Responses
- Nothing
- Incomprehensible sounds
- Words but nonsense
- Confused
- Nonsense
GCS for Motor response
- None
- Extension to pain (decerebrate)
- Abdominal flexion to pain (decorticate)
- Flexion / Withdrawal to pain
- Localizes pain
- Obeys commands
Succinylcholine
Fast acting, Short lasting
depolarizing
2 phases of action
Cisatracurium
Non-depolarizing
Intermediate onset / duration
SE: HPTN from histamine
Used in RF, undergoes Hoffman elimination
Rocuronium
Non-Depolarizing
Fast acting, medium-lasting
Hepatotoxic
Pancuronium
Non-Depolarizing
Slow acting, long-lasting
Tachycardia
Renal metabolism
Hemiballismus
From lacunar infarct to contralateral sub thalamic nuclei
Gestermann Syndrome
Dominant hemisphere stroke to angular gyrus in Parietal
Finger agnosia, can’t math, write, read, L/R disorientation
Hemispatial Hemineglect Syndrome
Inferior Parietal lobe of non-dominant hemisphere
Spacial neglect of non-dominant hemisphere
Perinaud Syndrome
Balance difficulties, conjugate downward gaze (setting sun), insomnia, nystagmus
From Pineal gland tumor compressing the pre-tectal midbrain (aka dorsal midbrain syndrome)
