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Pathology > Pulmo, USMLE > Flashcards

Pulmo, USMLE Flashcards

1
Q

Classic triad of fat emboli

A

1) Hypoxemia
2) Neurologic abnormalities
3) Petechial rash

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2
Q

Petechia vs purpura: Size

A

Petechiae less than 5mm; purpura >5mm

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3
Q

Type of embolus associated with DIC

A

Amniotic fluid

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4
Q

Majority of pulmonary emboli arise from

A

Deep leg vein

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5
Q

Hallmark of obstructive lung diseases

A

Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio

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6
Q

3 months that define chronic bronchitis should be consecutive

A

F

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7
Q

Cyanosis in chronic bronchitis is due to

A

Early-onset hypoxemia due to shunting

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8
Q

T/F Dyspnea of chronic bronchitis is early in onset

A

F

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9
Q

Asthma: I/E ratio

A

Decreased

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10
Q

Chronic necrotizing infection of bronchi

A

Bronchiectasis

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11
Q

COPD associated with poor ciliary motility

A

Bronchiectasis

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12
Q

COPD associated with cystic fibrosis

A

Bronchiectasis

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13
Q

COPD associated with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

A

Bronchiectasis

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14
Q

Restrictive lung disease characterised by bilateral hilar LN and noncaseating granuloma

A

Sarcoidosis

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15
Q

Coal miner lung

A

Anthracosis

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16
Q

Lung disease due to respond of macrophages to foreign substance resulting in release of fibrogenic factors

A

Silicosis

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17
Q

Lung disease associated with shipbuilding, roofing, and plumbing

A

Asbestosis

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18
Q

Pnemoconioses that affect the upper lobes

A

1) Anthracosis

2) Silicosis

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19
Q

Pnemoconioses that affect the lower lobes

A

Asbestosis

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20
Q

Pneumoconioses: Foundries, sandblasting, and mines

A

Silicosis

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21
Q

Pneumoconioses: Increase susceptibility to TB

A

Silicosis

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22
Q

Pneumoconioses: Lower lobes

A

Asbestosis

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23
Q

Pneumoconioses: Eggshell calcification of hilar LN

A

Silicosis

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24
Q

Pneumoconioses: Increase risk for bronchogenic CA

A

1) Silicosis

2) Asbestosis

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25
Q

Pneumoconioses: Ivory white calcified pleural plaques

A

Asbestosis

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26
Q

Pneumoconioses: T/F ivory white plaques are pathognomonic of asbestosis

A

T

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27
Q

Pneumoconioses: T/F ivory white plaques are premalignant

A

F

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28
Q

Pneumoconioses: Increases incidence of mesothelioma

A

Asbestosis

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29
Q

Pneumoconioses: Golden-brown fusiform rods resembling dumbells

A

Asbestosis

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30
Q

L/S ratio predictive of neonatal RDS

A

Less than 1.5

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31
Q

T/F Neonatal RDS carries a higher risk of PDA

A

T, due to low O2 tension

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32
Q

Neonatal RDS: Complications of therapeutic O2

A

1) ROP

2) Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

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33
Q

Neonatal RDS: Risk factors for neonatal RDS besides prematurity (2)

A

1) Maternal DM due to elevated fetal insulin

2) CS delivery due to decreased release of feral glucocorticoids

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34
Q

Initial damage in ARDS is due to (3)

A

1) Release of neutrophilic substances
2) Activation of coagulation cascade
3) O2-derived free radicals

35
Q

Repeated cessation of breathing >10 seconds during sleep

A

Sleep apnea

36
Q

Central vs obstructive sleep apnea: No respiratory effort

A

Central

37
Q

Central vs obstructive sleep apnea: Respiratory effort against airway obstruction

A

Obstructive

38
Q

Most common cancer of the lung

A

Metastatic

39
Q

Most common cancers that metastasize to the lung (4)

A

1) Breast
2) Colon
3) Prostate
4) Bladder

40
Q

Most common sites of metastases of lung CA (4)

A

1) Adrenals
2) Brain
3) Bone
4) Liver

41
Q

All lung cancers are associated with smoking except

A

1) Bronchoalveolar

2) Bronchial carcinoid

42
Q

Lung CA: k-ras mutation

A

AdenoCA

43
Q

Lung CA: Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

A

AdenoCA

44
Q

Lung CA: CXR shows hazy infiltrates similar to pneumonia

A

AdenoCA

45
Q

Lung CA: Cavitation

A

Squamous cell CA

46
Q

Lung CA: Hypercalcemia due to PTHrp

A

Squamous cell CA

47
Q

Lung CA: Undifferentiated hence very aggressive

A

Small cell

48
Q

Lung CA: Excellent prognosis

A

1) AdenoCA

2) Bronchial carcinoid

49
Q

Lung CA: Oat cell CA

A

Small cell

50
Q

Lung CA: Salt and pepper nucleus

A

Small cell

51
Q

Lung CA: Symptoms usually due to mass effect

A

Bronchial carcinoid

52
Q

Lung CA: Most common in nonsmokers

A

AdenoCA

53
Q

Lung CA: Apparent thickening of alveolar walls

A

AdenoCA

54
Q

Lung CA: Most commonly associated with smoking

A

Squamous cell CA

55
Q

Lung CA: Intercellular bridges

A

Squamous cell CA

56
Q

Lung CA: ACTH, ADH, Antibodies against presynaptic CA channels

A

Small cell CA

57
Q

Lung CA: Lambert-Eaton syndrome

A

Small cell CA

58
Q

Lung CA: Amplification of myc oncogenes

A

Small cell CA

59
Q

Lung CA: Highly anapaestic undifferentiated tumor

A

Large cell

60
Q

Lung CA: Less responsive to chemo

A

Large cell

61
Q

Lung CA: Surgical removal

A

Large cell

62
Q

Lung CA: Inoperable, treated with chemo

A

Small cell CA

63
Q

Lung CA: Klutchisky cell, small dark blue cells

A

Small cell CA

64
Q

Lung CA: Neoplasm of neuroendocrine cells

A

1) Small cell CA (Klutchisky)

2) Bronchial carcinoid (Chromogranin (+) cells)

65
Q

Lung CA: Serotonin secretion

A

Bronchial carcinoid (carcinoid syndrome!)

66
Q

Carcinoid syndrome

A

Flushing, wheezing, diarrhea

67
Q

Lung CA: Chromogranin (+)

A

Bronchial carcinoid

68
Q

Lung CA: Hemorrhagic pleural effusion and pleural thickening

A

Mesothelioma

69
Q

Lung CA: Pleural

A

Mesothelioma

70
Q

Lung CA: Affects cervical sympathetic nucleus

A

Pancoast

71
Q

Lung CA: Psammoma bodies

A

Mesothelioma

72
Q

T/F SVC syndrome is a medical emergency

A

T

73
Q

Causative agents of bronchopneumonia

A

1) S. pneumoniae
2) H. influenzae
3) S. aureus
4) Klebsiella

74
Q

Causative agents of lung abscess

A

1) S. aureus

2) Anaerobes

75
Q

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Type of hypersensitivity

A

Mixed type III/IV

76
Q

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Population (2)

A

1) Farmers

2) Exposed to birds

77
Q

Transudative vs exudative pleural effusion: CHF

A

Transudative

78
Q

Transudative vs exudative pleural effusion: Malignancy

A

Exudative

79
Q

Transudative vs exudative pleural effusion: Collagen vascular disease

A

Exudative

80
Q

Vessel injured in chylothorax

A

Thoracic duct

81
Q

Spontaneous vs tension pneumothorax: Tall, thin, young males

A

Spontaneous

82
Q

Spontaneous vs tension pneumothorax: Trauma

A

Tension

83
Q

Spontaneous vs tension pneumothorax: Lung infection

A

Tension

Pathology (16 decks)

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