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Physician Assistant Exam > Pulminology > Flashcards

Pulminology Flashcards

2
Q

What are the main side effects of isoniazid?

A

Hepatitis and peripheral neuropathy

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3
Q

What two lung cancers are typically found centrally on CXR?

A

Small cell lung cancer and squamous cell

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4
Q

What is the treatment for epiglottitis?

A

2nd or 3rd generation cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone). Erythromycin is another possible choice.

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5
Q

What is the best test to diagnose bronchiectasis?

A

CT

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6
Q

If you see a question with an alcoholic with pneumonia be sure to conider this organism?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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7
Q

Ghon or Ranke complexes on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

TB

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8
Q

What is the initial treatment for active TB?

A

INH+RIF+PZA+EMB x 2 months followed by INH+RIF x 4 months

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9
Q

A thin looking heart and flattened diaphragm on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Emphysema

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10
Q

Caseating granulomas should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

TB

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11
Q

List 4 medications which may cause asthma.

A

Beta blockers, NSAIDS, ACEI, ASA

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12
Q

Honeycombing and tram tracks on the CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Bronchiectasis and idopathic Pulmonary fibrosis

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13
Q

At what size induration would a PPD be positive for an HIV patient?

A

5mm

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14
Q

What is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis?

A

Sweat chloride test

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15
Q

Will evidence of TB be seen more frequently in the upper or lower lung lobes on CXR?

A

Upper

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16
Q

Paradoxical pulses may be found in what pulmonary disorder?

A

Asthma

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17
Q

A noncaseating granuloma should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Sarcoidosis

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18
Q

Parenchymal metastasis and blebs on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Emphysema

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19
Q

Hampton’s hump on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Pulmonary embolism

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20
Q

What two lung cancers are typically found diagonsison CXR?

A

Adenocarcinoma and Large cell

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21
Q

When you step up the diagnosis from intermittent asthma to mild persistent asthma what medication should you add?

A

An inhaled steroid like fluticasone

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22
Q

What occupations are associated with berylliosis?

A

Aerospace and nuclear plant workers

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23
Q

A pearl formation on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Squamous cell lung cancer

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24
Q

Nodular opacities in the upper lung fields should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Silicosis

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25
Q

How long after administering a PPD should it be read?

A

48-72hrs

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26
Q

A barrel chest should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Emphysema

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27
Q

When performing a decompression for a tension pneumothorax where do you put the needle?

A

2nd intercostal space at the midclavicular line

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28
Q

Hyperinflation on a CXR as well as eosinophilia on CBC should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Asthma

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29
Q

What is erythema nodosum?

A

Tender red nodules usually found on the shins

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30
Q

A very sick patient with diffuse infiltrates that spare the costophrenic angles should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

ARDS

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31
Q

Does FEV1 go up or down with asthma?

A

It goes down

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32
Q

Eggshell opacities on the CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

silicosis

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33
Q

Currant jelly sputum should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

34
Q

A college students presents with pneumonia. What two organisms should you be thining of?

A

Chlamydia and Mycoplasma

35
Q

Are the lungs noisy or quiet in COPD?

A

Quite

36
Q

Post tussive rales should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

TB

37
Q

What are the three most common cancers to metastasize to the lungs?

A

Breast, Liver, colon

38
Q

List the three most commonly used medical treatments for COPD?

A

Oxygen, ipratropium, albuterol

39
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) may be given to children above what age?

A

1 year old

40
Q

Does total lung capacity go up or down in COPD?

A

It goes up

41
Q

Any question about rabbits and pneumonia should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Tularemia

42
Q

If you come across a question where the patient has erythema nodosum and an enlarged parotid gland what diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Sarcoidosis

43
Q

Zanamivir (Relenza) may be give to children above what age?

A

7 years old

44
Q

A patient administering spleen is no longer working is more susceptible to what type of organisms?

A

Encapsulated organisms most commonly Strep pneumoniae and H. Flu

45
Q

List the four most common places for metastasis from lung cancer?

A

Bone, brain, adrenals, liver

46
Q

A contralateral mediastinal shift should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Tension pneumothorax

47
Q

What CXR finding might make you think of berylliosis?

A

Diffuse infiltrates with hilar adenopathy

48
Q

What CXR finding might make you think of mesothelioma?

A

Pleural thickening. Remember 80% are found in the pleura lining

49
Q

Young child presents to ER and you see him in tripod position. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Epiglottitis

50
Q

An older patient presents with pneumonia and diarrhea. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Legionella pneumonia

51
Q

What is the most common organism causing pneumonia in COPD patients?

A

Haemophilus influenzae

52
Q

At what age should vaccinations for pneumococcal pneumonia begin?

A

65 years old

53
Q

What is the most common cause of pneumonia in child less than 1 year old?

A

RSV

54
Q

What is the most common cause of pneumonia in a patient with cystic fibrosis?

A

Pseudomonas

55
Q

What happens to total lung capacity in sarcoidosis?

A

It goes down

56
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosis of a pleural effusion?

A

Thoracocentesis

57
Q

Patient has pneumonia with rust colored sputum. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Strep pneumonia

58
Q

Ethambutol has what two major side effects?

A

Optic neuritis, red green vision loss

59
Q

HIV patient with ground glass appearance on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

PCP now known as pneumocystis jiroveci

60
Q

You are treating a patient for TB. He has noticed that his body fluids now have an orange tint. What drug is most likely causing this?

A

Rifampin

61
Q

What is the most common cause of bronchiectasis?

A

Cystic Fibrosis

62
Q

What will the likely findings be on a CXR of a patient with asbestosis?

A

Linear opacities at the bases with pleural plaques

63
Q

Pertussis is most commonly treated with what antibiotic?

A

Erythromycin

64
Q

A Westermark sign on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Pulmonary embolism

65
Q

Blue bloater refers to the physical exam findings of what disease?

A

Chronic bronchitis

66
Q

What is the most common patient complaint with emphysema?

A

Shortness of breath

67
Q

If you see a question with anything to do with rats and the patient has pneumonia what organism should you be thinking of?

A

Yersinia pestis

68
Q

List four indications for the flu vaccine.

A

Child 6-59 months, pregnant female, healthcare worker, older than 50

69
Q

Coal miners lung often shows nodular opacities in what lung fields?

A

Upper lung fields

70
Q

At what size induration would a PPD be positive for a healthcare worker?

A

10mm

71
Q

What is the most common location of Pott’s disease?

A

Pott’s disease is TB outside of the lung which is most commonly found in the thoracic spine

72
Q

What is the treatment for PCP?

A

Bactrim

73
Q

List six extrapulmonary complications of lung cancer.

A

SPHERE - SVC syndrome, Pancoast tumor, Horner’s syndrome, Endocrine problems, Recurrent laryngeal symptoms, Effusions (exudative)

74
Q

If you suspect a pneumothorax how should you order the CXR?

A

End expiratory CXR looking for visceral pleural air

75
Q

Transudative pleural effusions should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

CHF

76
Q

Mesothelioma is most commonly found in what lung location?

A

80% are found in the pleural lining

77
Q

Thumbprint sign on x-ray should make you think of what two diagnoses?

A

Lateral C-spine = epiglottitis, abdominal = intestinal ischemia

78
Q

An exudative pleural effusion should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

TB, Lung cancer

79
Q

Where is a Pancoast tumor found on chest x-ray?

A

At the apex of either the right or left lung

80
Q

Prolonged expiration (low FEV1) should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Asthma or COPD

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