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Physician Assistant Exam > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Define pulsus alternans.

A

EKG waveform changes from beat to beat

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2
Q

If you suspect temporal arteritis what test gives a definitive diagnosis?

A

Biopsy of the temporal artery

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3
Q

You have a patient with paradoxical pulsus. What two diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Pericarditis and pericardial effusion

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4
Q

Define paradoxical pulse.

A

There is a large difference in pulse pressure between inhalation and exhalation

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5
Q

You hear a murmur with a fixed split S2 over the left 2nd intercostal space. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Atrial septal defect

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6
Q

Kerley B lines should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

CHF

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7
Q

At what size aortic aneurysm would you consider doing an elective surgical repair?

A

> 5.5cm

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8
Q

Patient arrives in acute distress. Chest x-ray shows a wide mediastinum. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Aortic dissection

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9
Q

In a subacute case of endocarditis what is the most common pathogen?

A

Strep viridans

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10
Q

You have a patient with pulsus alternans. What two diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Pericarditis and pericardial effusion

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11
Q

In Cushing’s syndrome is the serum corticosteroid elevated or low?

A

Elevated

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12
Q

In an acute case of endocarditis what is the most common pathogen?

A

Staph aureus

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13
Q

Where is disease of the pulmonary valve best heard?

A

2nd left intercostal space

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14
Q

What is the treatment for polymyalgia rheumatica?

A

low dose prednisone

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15
Q

You hear a midsystolic click. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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16
Q

A BNP below what value will allow you to rule out CHF?

A

<100

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17
Q

Where is disease of the tricuspid valve best heard?

A

Along the left lower sternal border

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18
Q

What are the three major criteria for endocarditis?

A

2 positive blood cultures, a positive transesophageal echocardiography, new murmur

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19
Q

What is the most common cause of an atrial septal defect?

A

Patent foramen ovale

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20
Q

What is the first line medical treatment for an a pheochromocytoma?

A

Alpha blockers. Do not give Beta blockers

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21
Q

What is the therapeutic range for INR following an organic valve replacement?

A

2 to 3

22
Q

What is the best patient position to hear aortic regurge and aortic stenosis?

A

Sitting up and leaning forward

23
Q

What is the one contraindication for pharmacological stress testing?

A

Aortic stenosis

24
Q

Which EKG leads are used to diagnose an anterolateral MI?

A

V5 and V6

25
Q

Jaw claudication should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Temporal arteritis

26
Q

On physical exam you hear a harsh systolic murmur along the right sternal border. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Aortic stenosis

27
Q

The EKG shows ST elevations in all leads. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Pericarditis

28
Q

What it the medical treatment of temporal arteritis?

A

High dose prednisone

29
Q

Which EKG leads are used to diagnose an anterior wall MI?

A

V1, V2 and V3

30
Q

A boot shaped heart on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

31
Q

What is the first line medical treatment for an aortic dissection?

A

Beta blocker - labetalol

32
Q

What are the three components of Virchow’s triad?

A

DVT risk - Stasis, vascular injury, hypercoagulability

33
Q

Where is disease of the mitral valve best heard?

A

At the apex

34
Q

What is the therapeutic range for INR following a mechanical valve replacement?

A

2.5-3.5

35
Q

List the 4 minor criteria for diagnosing endocarditis.

A

Fever, embolic event (Janeway lesions or petechiae, splinter hemorrhages), immunological event (osler nodes, glomerulonephritis), 1 positive blood culture.

36
Q

Which are painful and found on the fingers and toes, Osler nodes or Janeway lesions?

A

Osler nodes = Ouch

37
Q

You have diagnosed a patient with high blood pressure. If he is otherwise healthy, what is the target blood pressure you’re shooting for?

A

less than 140/90

38
Q

You hear a story about a young boy who recently died during a basketball game. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

39
Q

On physical exam you hear a loud harsh holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Ventral septal defect

40
Q

What causes an S4 sound?

A

A stiff left ventricle

41
Q

You notice a machine like murmur heard best over the left second intercostal space. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Patent ductus

42
Q

Wide pulse pressures with a decrescendo murmur at the left 3rd intercostal space should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Aortic regurgitation

43
Q

On physical exam where are aortic issues best auscultated?

A

2nd right intercostal space

44
Q

What are the three inferior leads?

A

II, III and aVF

45
Q

On physical exam you hear a blowing murmur at the apex which is pansystolic. There is also a brisk carotid upstroke. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Mitral valve regurge

46
Q

On physical exam you hear an opening snap & low pitched murmur at the apex. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Mitral stenosis

47
Q

What is the target blood pressure in a patient with diabetes or renal disease?

A

less than 130/80

48
Q

List three medications which may be used for pharmacological stress test.

A

Adenosine, dobutamine, dipyridamole

49
Q

What is Tietze syndrome?

A

Costochondritis

50
Q

Child comes into the office with notable HTN but a weak femoral pulses. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Coarctation of the aorta

51
Q

What is the initial treatment for an MI?

A

MONA - Morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin and aspirin

Physician Assistant Exam (14 decks)

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