Opthamology Flashcards
What is the #1 cause of retinal artery occlusion?
Carotid atherosclerotic disease
What is the term for eyelids that turn in?
Entropion
What is the term for bilateral yellow plaques near the eyes?
Xanthelasma
Fundal exam shows drusen deposits. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Macular degeneration
What is the first thing you should be thinking of if a pediatric patient comes in with blood in the anterior chamber of the eye (hyphema).
Child abuse until proven otherwise
Patient with a history of asthma presents complaining of stringy discharge from both eyes and severe swelling around the eyes. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Allergic conjunctivitis
What is the yellow, brown fleshy mass on the conjunctiva which usually does not interfere with vision?
Pinguecula
What is the initial treatment for a chemical burn to the eyes
Irrigate, irrigate, irrigate
Which nerve is involved in herpes zoster ophthalmicus?
Trigeminal nerve, CN 5
Patient presents saying that he doesn’t seem to need his glasses anymore after 30 yrs. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Cataract
What is the name for the the triangular or wedge shaped growth on the conjunctiva that may interfere with vision?
Pterygium
Post cataract surgery pt complains of unilateral vision loss. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Retinal detachment
What is appropriate treatment for central vein occlusion?
Typically self limited. Treat underlying disease.
What are the most common colors lost in color blindness?
Red and green
Colorblindness is transmitted through what genetic pattern?
Dominant X linked
College student presents with copious purulent drainage from one eye. What diagnosis and pathogen should you be thinking of?
Neisseria conjunctivitis
Patient has metamorphopsia and a central blind spot. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Macular degeneration
What should a primary care provider do for presumed retinal detachment?
Refer & position patient with head down
A feathery border in an eye exam should make you think of what diagnosis?
Fungal infection
Patient presents with unilateral blurriness developing over a few days. Fundal exam shows a “blood and thunder” pattern. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Central vein occlusion
What is the most common way of testing for metamorphopsia?
Amsler grid
Patient presents with watery bilateral discharge from the eyes with nontender preauricular adenopathy. What diagnosis should you be thinking of? What is the most common pathogen?
Viral conjunctivitis. Adenovirus
In what age range do you expect to most commonly find amaurosis fugax?
Patients older than fifty
Give two risk factors for glaucoma.
African American decent and diabetes
Patient in the recovery room following foot surgery is complaining of severe photophobia. She feels as though there is something in her eye. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Corneal abrasion (pt’s scratch their eyes before they are completely awake from anesthesia if your not careful)
What is the first line treatment for orbital cellulitis?
IV abx, followed by 2 weeks of po abx
You notice a bowing of the iris on exam. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Glaucoma
Patient presents with a painful, red nodule on the eyelid. What diagnosis should you be thinking of? What treatment should you begin with?
Hordeolum (sty). Warm compress and progress to topical abx if necessary.
How long after a radiant energy burn do symptoms typically show?
6-12 hours
A patient presents with pain in one eye. The cornea is hazy and the pupils are fixed. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Glaucoma
Patient describes vision loss as curtain coming down and going back up. What might the diagnosis be?
Amaurosis fugax
Is glaucoma is more prevalent in males or females?
females 3:1
Patient presents with irritated, burning and tearing eyes. You notice some scurf and scales. Where do you begin treatment?
This is blepharitis. Treatment begins with good hygiene and moves on to topical abx if necessary.
Fundal exam shows a cup to disc ratio of >0.5. There are also vessels bending over the disc. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Glaucoma
What is the term for being nearsighted and what type of lens do you use to correct it?
Myopia, concave lenses
What is the most likely quadrant for a retinal detachment?
Superior temporal
Patient presents with sudden painless complete unilateral vision loss. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Central retinal artery occlusion
How do you test for color blindness?
Ishihara plates
Patient complains of seeing halos and rainbows around lights as well as photophobia? What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Glaucoma
What is the treatment for subconjunctival hemorrhage?
Reassurance
What is the name of the test for dry eyes?
Schirmer’s test
Fundal exam shows a cherry red spot. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Central retinal artery occlusion
CT scan of the head show broad infiltration of orbital fat. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Orbital cellulitis
Vision loss described as curtain coming down should make you think of what diagnosis?
Retinal detachment
19 year old male took an elbow to the face while playing basketball. The whole left side of his face is swollen and he can’t look up. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Orbital fracture
College student presents with a little purulent drainage from one eye and nontender preauricular lymphadenopathy. What diagnosis and pathogen should you be thinking of?
Chlamydia conjunctivitis
Fundal exam shows an opalescent retina and boxcarring of arterioles. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Central retinal artery occlusion
Patient presents with Hutchinson’s sign. What is the diagnosis?
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
When treating herpes keratitis should you use topical antiviral, topical steroid or both
Don’t use steroids. Topical antiviral and refer!
A dendritic lesion is seen with fluorescein stain. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Herpes keratitis
What should a primary care provider do for presumed central retinal artery occlusion?
Ophthalmic emergency! Refer and intermittent pressure and release of the eye
Patient has a history of multiple stys. He now has a painless nodule on his eyelid and minor conjunctivitis. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Chalazion
What is the term for being farsighted and what type of lens do you use to correct it?
Hyperopia, convex
What is the most common preceding event for orbital cellulitis?
URI
What is the term for eyelids that turn out?
Ectropion
Patient presents with a dense corneal infiltrate and an epithelial defect seen with fluorescein stain. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Corneal ulcer
