Genitourinary Flashcards
Muddy brown sediment in the urine should make you think of what diagnosis?
Acute tubular necrosis
A 3 year old boy presents with hematuria and a painless palpable abdominal mass. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Wilms tumor
What might you feel on digital rectal exam of a patient with prostate cancer?
Enlarged prostate, hard nodules within the prostate
An involuntary loss of urine during coughing or laughing is what type of incontinence?
Stress incontinence
What is the most common organism responsible for prostatitis?
E. coli
What area of the prostate is affected by BPH?
The transitional zone
Will epididymitis feel better with scrotal elevation?
Yes
List one major risk factor for bladder cancer?
Smoking
What is the condition where the urethral meatus is not at the tip of the penis?
Hypospadias
What age range is typically associated with testicular torsion?
10-20 years old
What is the most common bladder cancer?
Transitional cell cancer
A PSA above what level should start to make you concerned?
> 4.0
Tenderness at the costovertebral angle should make you think of what diagnosis?
Pyelonephritis
A prostate biopsy consists of how many samples?
6 to 12
Feeling a bag of worms in the scrotum should make you think of what diagnosis?
Varicocele
List three possible treatments for stress incontinence in women.
Kegels, estrogen therapy, surgical placement of a urethral sling
An ABG shows a pH of 7.2, a bicarb of 25 and a PCO2 of 50. Is this respiratory or metabolic acidosis?
Respiratory - CO2 is elevated
What is the first line antibiotic treatment for cystitis?
Bactrim
What is the most accurate way to diagnose urethritis?
Urine PCR
List three possible causes of prerenal renal failure.
CHF, severe dehydration, hemorrhage
What is the treatment for epididymitis?
Ceftriaxone and doxycycline
Maltese crosses in the urine should make you think of what diagnosis?
Nephrotic syndrome
What is the name of the condition that involves fibrous scar tissue in the penis causing a curvature of the erect penis?
Peyronie’s disease
At what age do you begin screening patients for prostate cancer? What two tests are used?
At age 50 an annual digital rectal exam and a PSA are recommended
Both testicles should be descended by what age?
3 months
A kidney stone of less than what size will likely pass on its own?
Less than 5 mm
A sponge like prostate on digital rectal exam should make you think of what diagnosis?
Prastitis, but be careful. You can cause sepsis with a DRE.
Often caused by chlamydia what is the syndrome characterized by urethritis (or cervicitis), arthritis and conjuctivitis?
Reiter’s syndrome
What is the first line antibiotic for prostatitis?
Bactrim 4-6 weeks
What medicaton class are prescribed in order to help prevent chronic renal failure in diabetic patients?
ACEIs or ARBs
Define priapism
Painful persistent erection
What is the best imaging to rule out testicular torsion?
Doppler U/S for decreased blood flow to the testes
What is the normal pH of the blood?
7.35-7.45
A painless cystic mass found posterior and superior to the testes which is free floating should make you think of what diagnosis?
Spermatocele
What is the most common type of kidney stone?
Calcium make up 85% of kidney stones
A 65 year old male presents with frequency. On digital rectal exam you feel an elastic moderately enlarged prostate. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
BPH
What is the most specific imaging modality for diagnosing kidney stones?
CT
Painless hematuria should make you think of what diagnosis?
Bladder cancer
What is the normal level of serum bicarbonate (HCO3)?
24 mEq/Liter
Give two major risk factors for erectile dysfunction
Diabetes, hypertension, depression, coronary artery disease
List two risk factors for prostate cancer.
Advancing age, African American, positive family history, high fat diet
A fluid filled painless mass found in the scrotum which transilluminates should make you think of what diagnosis?
Hydrocele
White blood cell casts should make you think of what diagnosis?
Pyelonephritis
What is considered a normal PCO2?
40mmHG
Where is the epididymis found?
It is found at the posterior upper pole
What is the imaging study of choice if you suspect bladder cancer?
Cystoscopy and biopsy
Name the sign which is defined as decreased pain with scrotal elevation?
Prehn’s sign
How do you treat urethritis?
Ceftriaxone and doxycycline
Which problem is an emergency phimosis or paraphimosis?
Paraphimosis
What is the most common organism that causes a bladder infection?
E. coli
Tea colored urine with red cell casts should make you think of what diagnosis?
Glomerulonephritis
Will a spermatocele transillumniate?
Yes
What type of incontinence is often associated with BPH?
Overflow incontinence. The bladder cannot empty sufficiently
What area of the prostate is the primary site for prostate cancer?
The peripheral zone
Will serum potassium be decreased or elevated in renal failure?
Elevated
What is the most common cause of post renal renal failure?
BPH, postrenal ARF is secondary to an outflow obstruction
What are the two most common predisposing factors in the development of chronic renal failure?
HTN and DM
Name the condition in which the head of the penis curves downward or upward, at the junction of the head and shaft of the penis. It is often associated with hypospadias
Chordee
A patient who has normal bladder function, but can not get to the bathroom has what type of incontinence?
Functional incontinence
What hereditary pattern does polycystic kidney disease follow?
Autosomal dominant
A urine protein of > 3.5 grams/day should make you think of what diagnosis?
Nephrotic syndrome
Define phimosis
Foreskin can not be pulled back
What is the first line treatment for a varicocele?
Watchful waiting unless there is a question of fertility
What are the two most common causes of epididymitis?
Neisseria gonorrhea and chlamydia
What is the most common type of testicular cancer?
Seminomas
Define paraphimosis
Foreskin is retracted and cannot be reduced
