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Physician Assistant Exam > Genitourinary > Flashcards

Genitourinary Flashcards

2
Q

Muddy brown sediment in the urine should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Acute tubular necrosis

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3
Q

A 3 year old boy presents with hematuria and a painless palpable abdominal mass. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Wilms tumor

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4
Q

What might you feel on digital rectal exam of a patient with prostate cancer?

A

Enlarged prostate, hard nodules within the prostate

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5
Q

An involuntary loss of urine during coughing or laughing is what type of incontinence?

A

Stress incontinence

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6
Q

What is the most common organism responsible for prostatitis?

A

E. coli

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7
Q

What area of the prostate is affected by BPH?

A

The transitional zone

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8
Q

Will epididymitis feel better with scrotal elevation?

A

Yes

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9
Q

List one major risk factor for bladder cancer?

A

Smoking

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10
Q

What is the condition where the urethral meatus is not at the tip of the penis?

A

Hypospadias

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11
Q

What age range is typically associated with testicular torsion?

A

10-20 years old

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12
Q

What is the most common bladder cancer?

A

Transitional cell cancer

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13
Q

A PSA above what level should start to make you concerned?

A

> 4.0

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14
Q

Tenderness at the costovertebral angle should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Pyelonephritis

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15
Q

A prostate biopsy consists of how many samples?

A

6 to 12

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16
Q

Feeling a bag of worms in the scrotum should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Varicocele

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17
Q

List three possible treatments for stress incontinence in women.

A

Kegels, estrogen therapy, surgical placement of a urethral sling

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18
Q

An ABG shows a pH of 7.2, a bicarb of 25 and a PCO2 of 50. Is this respiratory or metabolic acidosis?

A

Respiratory - CO2 is elevated

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19
Q

What is the first line antibiotic treatment for cystitis?

A

Bactrim

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20
Q

What is the most accurate way to diagnose urethritis?

A

Urine PCR

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21
Q

List three possible causes of prerenal renal failure.

A

CHF, severe dehydration, hemorrhage

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22
Q

What is the treatment for epididymitis?

A

Ceftriaxone and doxycycline

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23
Q

Maltese crosses in the urine should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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24
Q

What is the name of the condition that involves fibrous scar tissue in the penis causing a curvature of the erect penis?

A

Peyronie’s disease

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25
Q

At what age do you begin screening patients for prostate cancer? What two tests are used?

A

At age 50 an annual digital rectal exam and a PSA are recommended

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26
Q

Both testicles should be descended by what age?

A

3 months

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27
Q

A kidney stone of less than what size will likely pass on its own?

A

Less than 5 mm

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28
Q

A sponge like prostate on digital rectal exam should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Prastitis, but be careful. You can cause sepsis with a DRE.

29
Q

Often caused by chlamydia what is the syndrome characterized by urethritis (or cervicitis), arthritis and conjuctivitis?

A

Reiter’s syndrome

30
Q

What is the first line antibiotic for prostatitis?

A

Bactrim 4-6 weeks

31
Q

What medicaton class are prescribed in order to help prevent chronic renal failure in diabetic patients?

A

ACEIs or ARBs

32
Q

Define priapism

A

Painful persistent erection

33
Q

What is the best imaging to rule out testicular torsion?

A

Doppler U/S for decreased blood flow to the testes

34
Q

What is the normal pH of the blood?

A

7.35-7.45

35
Q

A painless cystic mass found posterior and superior to the testes which is free floating should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Spermatocele

36
Q

What is the most common type of kidney stone?

A

Calcium make up 85% of kidney stones

37
Q

A 65 year old male presents with frequency. On digital rectal exam you feel an elastic moderately enlarged prostate. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

BPH

38
Q

What is the most specific imaging modality for diagnosing kidney stones?

A

CT

39
Q

Painless hematuria should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Bladder cancer

40
Q

What is the normal level of serum bicarbonate (HCO3)?

A

24 mEq/Liter

41
Q

Give two major risk factors for erectile dysfunction

A

Diabetes, hypertension, depression, coronary artery disease

42
Q

List two risk factors for prostate cancer.

A

Advancing age, African American, positive family history, high fat diet

43
Q

A fluid filled painless mass found in the scrotum which transilluminates should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Hydrocele

44
Q

White blood cell casts should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Pyelonephritis

45
Q

What is considered a normal PCO2?

A

40mmHG

46
Q

Where is the epididymis found?

A

It is found at the posterior upper pole

47
Q

What is the imaging study of choice if you suspect bladder cancer?

A

Cystoscopy and biopsy

48
Q

Name the sign which is defined as decreased pain with scrotal elevation?

A

Prehn’s sign

49
Q

How do you treat urethritis?

A

Ceftriaxone and doxycycline

50
Q

Which problem is an emergency phimosis or paraphimosis?

A

Paraphimosis

51
Q

What is the most common organism that causes a bladder infection?

A

E. coli

52
Q

Tea colored urine with red cell casts should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Glomerulonephritis

53
Q

Will a spermatocele transillumniate?

A

Yes

54
Q

What type of incontinence is often associated with BPH?

A

Overflow incontinence. The bladder cannot empty sufficiently

55
Q

What area of the prostate is the primary site for prostate cancer?

A

The peripheral zone

56
Q

Will serum potassium be decreased or elevated in renal failure?

A

Elevated

57
Q

What is the most common cause of post renal renal failure?

A

BPH, postrenal ARF is secondary to an outflow obstruction

58
Q

What are the two most common predisposing factors in the development of chronic renal failure?

A

HTN and DM

59
Q

Name the condition in which the head of the penis curves downward or upward, at the junction of the head and shaft of the penis. It is often associated with hypospadias

A

Chordee

60
Q

A patient who has normal bladder function, but can not get to the bathroom has what type of incontinence?

A

Functional incontinence

61
Q

What hereditary pattern does polycystic kidney disease follow?

A

Autosomal dominant

62
Q

A urine protein of > 3.5 grams/day should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

63
Q

Define phimosis

A

Foreskin can not be pulled back

64
Q

What is the first line treatment for a varicocele?

A

Watchful waiting unless there is a question of fertility

65
Q

What are the two most common causes of epididymitis?

A

Neisseria gonorrhea and chlamydia

66
Q

What is the most common type of testicular cancer?

A

Seminomas

67
Q

Define paraphimosis

A

Foreskin is retracted and cannot be reduced

Physician Assistant Exam (14 decks)

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