Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physician Assistant Exam > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

2
Q

You believe a patient has had a stroke. He presents with aphasia, loss of hearing in one ear and loss of vision in his left eye. Is the blockage likely in the anterior or posterior circulation?

A

Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Wilson’s disease is associated with a build up of what mineral?

A

There is a deficiency of the copper binding protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which nerve root is responsible for the knee jerk reflex?

A

L3-L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which disc is most commonly herniated?

A

L4-L5 followed by L5-S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What three symptoms are classic for a normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

Gait disturbance, dementia and urinary incontinence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What symptom is associated with a classic migraine?

A

Having an aura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What percentage of strokes are ischemic? What percentage are Hemorrhagic?

A

80%, 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the treatment of choice for a patient with tourette’s?

A

Haloperidol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the single most important thing to be concerned about with a patient in status epilepticus?

A

Airway followed by management of hyperthermia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most common primary intracranial neoplasm?

A

Glioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage aside from trauma?

A

Ruptured cerebral aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the most common cause of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s disease, it may be as high as 80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the medical treatment for a stroke in which the CT has shown no evidence of a hemorrhage?

A

Heparin/coumadin, thrombolytics, steroids, hyperosmotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the defining symptom of Alzheimer’s?

A

Progressive memory impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the age range for Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy?

A

3-5 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What four chromosomes have been linked to dementia?

A

1,14,19,21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What cranial nerve is most commonly affected Bell’s palsy?

A

CN VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the most common causes of mets to the brain?

A

Lung, breast, kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the genetic characteristics of Wilson’s disease?

A

Autosomal recessive, chromosome 13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Weakness and numbness in the left hand might be a presumed blockage in which carotid artery?

A

Right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Under what conditions would aspirin or clopidogrel be used following a TIA as prophylaxis?

A

These are antiplatelet medications. They would be used unless there is a known cardiac etiology for the embolism. Cardiac patients would use heparin and coumadin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

There is an MRI result of multiple foci of demyelination in the white matter. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Multiple Sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Seizure in which patient experiences an aura. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Complex partial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Patient has a tremor with motion in his hands. What medication might you prescribe?

A

This patient has an active tremor therefore a beta blocker like propranolol is a good start

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Patient complains of an aching headache which feels like a band around his head. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Tension headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Name three medications used to break a seizure?

A

Diazepam, lorazepam, phenytoin or fosphenytoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Name one abortive drug for migraines.

A

Triptans (sumatriptan, zolmitriptan), Ergotamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Middle age male presents with unilateral periorbital headaches occurring daily for several weeks and is extremely painful. Which type of headache is the most likely cause?

A

Cluster headache

30
Q

List two medications you might use to treat an essential tremor?

A

Beta blocker (propranolol), Primidone

31
Q

List three medications used to “treat” multiple sclerosis?

A

Steroids, interferon-beta, copolymer

32
Q

List three drugs that treat cluster headaches

A

Oxygen, sumatriptan, butoprophal

33
Q

List six medications that can be used for migraine prophylaxis?

A

Beta blockers, tricyclics, calcium channel blockers, NSAIDs and valproic acid

34
Q

Lead pipe or cogwheel rigidity should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Parkinson’s disease

35
Q

Is the ankle jerk reflex of lumbar or sacral origin?

A

Sacral

36
Q

Is Huntington’s autosomal dominant or recessive?

A

Dominant

37
Q

If you are looking for lesions associated with multiple sclerosis and you order an MRI do you order with gadolinium or without?

A

With

38
Q

If CT is negative and you still believe there is a stroke what test should you order?

A

Lumbar puncture

39
Q

Give two classes of drug therapy for a parkinson’s patient.

A

Dopaminergic - levodopa, anticholinergics are second line

40
Q

Elevated circulating acetylcholine receptor antibodies should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Myasthenia gravis

41
Q

EEG showing interictal spikes should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Complex partial seizure

42
Q

EEG showing generalized spikes and associated slow waves should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Generalized or absence seizure

43
Q

EEG showing focal rhythmic discharges at the onset of the seizure should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Simple partial seizure

44
Q

Duchenne’s and Becker’s muscular dystrophy have what genetic characteristic?

A

X linked recessive

45
Q

Describe Kernig’s sign

A

patient lies supine bend hip and attempt to straighten the knee. Back pain is positive.

46
Q

Describe Brudzinski’s sign

A

When you lift the patient’s head the patient bends his hips

47
Q

Decreased GABA and substance P should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Huntington’s

48
Q

At what percentage of blockage is an endarterectomy indicated? At what point is it no longer indicated?

A

> 30%, >98%

49
Q

At what age do symptoms of Huntington’s disease appear?

A

Around 30 years old

50
Q

Alcohol may be a major factor in which encephalopathy?

A

Wernicke’s

51
Q

A sudden thunderclap headache should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Subdural hematoma

52
Q

A study result comes back with intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular neuritic plaques. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

53
Q

A slit lamp shows Kayser-Fleischer rings. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Wilson’s disease

54
Q

A shuffling gait should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Parkinson’s disease

55
Q

A resting or pill rolling tremor should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Parkinson’s disease

56
Q

A patient presents with weakness that he felt in his lower legs and now feels in his knees and hips bilaterally. He has decreased deep tendon reflexes. This has been getting progressively worse. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Guillian-Barre

57
Q

A patient presents with signs of a stroke to the ED what is the most important test to get?

A

CT

58
Q

A patient presents with lateralized throbbing headache. The patient has nausea and vomiting and photophobia. What type of headache is most likely?

A

Migraine

59
Q

A patient presents with inability to speak and right sided weakness. He seems to understand speech and follows commands well. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Broca’s aphasia

60
Q

A patient presents with a painful ipsilateral third nerve palsy. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

PCOM - posterior communicating artery aneurysm

61
Q

A patient presents to your office complaining of a tremor in his right hand. He states after a beer it goes away completely. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Benign essential tremor or familial tremor

62
Q

A patient presents complaining of the worst headache of their life. What might you expect their blood pressure to be?

A

Typically this is the description for a subarachnoid hemorrhage. You would expect the blood pressure to be elevated

63
Q

A patient is brought in following a seizure in which the patient did not lose consciousness. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Simple partial seizure

64
Q

A patient has a intracranial neoplasm causing auditory illusions, olfactory hallucinations and emotional changes. What lobe is the lesion likely in?

A

Temporal

65
Q

A patient complains of muscle weakness and fatigability that improves with rest. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Myasthenia gravis

66
Q

A lumbar puncture for a patient with bacterial meningitis will show elevated or decreased wbc’s? Glucose? Protein?

A

Elevated wbc’s, decreased glucose and elevated protein

67
Q

A A patient presents with what appears to an inability to understand speech. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

68
Q

A 35 year old patient comes to your office because his wife made him. He has been increasingly irritable and moody. She has also noticed that he is very restless. Your order a CT scan which showed cerebral atrophy as well as atrophy of the caudate nucleus. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Huntington’s disease

69
Q

34 Year old female presents with a waxing and waning symptoms. These include visual problems and weakness in her right arm. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Multiple Sclerosis

Physician Assistant Exam (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions