Public Relations History

Question 1

Seedbed Era (1900-1918)

Answer 1

Let the public be informed. Defensive publicity. Key figures: Ivy Ledbetter Lee (full disclosure/tell the truth) & President Theodore Roosevelt (bully pulpit)

Question 2

World War I Period (1917-1918)

Answer 2

Let the public be informed. Organized promotion. Key figures: George Creel (Committee on Public Information)

Question 3

Booming Twenties Era (1919-1929)

Answer 3

Mutual understanding. Promoting products. Key figures: Edward L Bernays (Crystallizing Public Opinion), Arthur W. Page (performance = reputation)

Question 4

Roosevelt Era and World War II (1930-1945)

Answer 4

Mutual understanding. Mass media use. Social responsibility. Radio emerges. Key figures: Louis McHenry Howe (persuasive publicity), Elmer Davis (Office of War Information), President Franklin D. Roosevelt (Fireside Chats)

Question 5

Postwar Era (1946-1964)

Answer 5

Mutual adjustment. Professionalism. Credibility. PRSA formed. PR Code of Ethics written. TV emerges.

Question 6

Period of Protest and Empowerment (1965-1985)

Answer 6

Mutual adjustment. Accommodation. Systems Theory. Management by objectives. Functional vs. functionary approach. TEchnology increases. Key figures: Marshall McLuhan (Understanding media, global village, medium is the message)

Question 7

Digital Age and Globalism (1986-present)

Answer 7

Mutual adjustment. Constant technological connections. INternational relationships. Organizational transparency. Internet emerges/booms.