Public Participation

Question 1

Ladder of Citizen Participation

Answer 1

Arnstein’s typology of citizen participation is presented as a metaphorical “ladder,” with each ascending rung representing increasing levels of citizen agency, control, and power. In addition to the eight “rungs” of participation, Arnstein includes a descriptive continuum of participatory power that moves from nonparticipation (no power) to degrees of tokenism (counterfeit power) to degrees of citizen participation (actual power).

Question 2

Norman Krumholtz

Answer 2

” Making equity planning work”

Question 3

Saul Alinsky

Answer 3

Rules for Radicals, the ends justify the means, Alinsky Coalitions

Question 4

ICICE

Answer 4

International Center for Islamic culture and education

Question 5

strata

Answer 5

a level or class to which people are assigned according to their social status, education, or income.

Question 6

quota

Answer 6

set amount of people

Question 7

Policy Delphi

Answer 7

The views of individuals and various interest groups, the local government, and the planning staff are presented in successive rounds of argument and Counter argument working towards a consensus.
beneficial when neither the planning ends nor means are clearly understood.

Question 8

fishbowl

Answer 8

Citizens address themselves to proposals through workshop formats.

Question 9

charette

Answer 9

An intensive, interactive problem solving process with meetings convened around the development of specific plans.

Question 10

nominal group

Answer 10

sticky note example. people discuss then propose individual ideas, then vote.

Question 11

Andres Duany

Answer 11

Founder of the Congress for the New Urbanism

Question 12

Environmental Justice

Answer 12

DEP defines an EJ Area as any census tract where 20 percent or more individuals live at or below the federal poverty line, and/or 30 percent or more of the population identifies as a non-white minority, based on data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the federal guidelines for poverty.

Question 13

Facilitator

Answer 13

A facilitator is a person who helps a group of people to work together better, understand their common objectives, and plan how to achieve these objectives, during meetings or discussions. In doing so, the facilitator remains “neutral”, meaning they do not take a particular position in the discussion.

Question 14

Meditator

Answer 14

The mediator assists and guides the parties toward their own resolution. The mediator does not decide the outcome, but helps the parties understand and focus on the important issues needed to reach a resolution.

Question 15

Arbitrator

Answer 15

Arbitration, a form of alternative dispute resolution, is a way to resolve disputes outside the judiciary courts. The dispute will be decided by one or more persons, which renders the ‘arbitration award’.

Question 16

TJ Kent

Answer 16

“the Urban General Plan” Environmentalist in SF

Question 17

Difference between facilitator, mediator & arbitrator

Answer 17

“Facilitation” is the use of a neutral third party to help multi-party groups accomplish the content of their work by providing process leadership and expertise. “Mediation” is the use of a neutral third person to help parties reach a voluntary resolution of a dispute. It is informal, confidential, and flexible, focusing on interests rather than positions, and on practical and legal choices. “Arbitration” is an alternative to litigation in which an arbitrator or panel of arbitrators listen to the positions of the disputing parties in a relatively informal proceeding and then issue a decision on how the situation should be resolved.