Housing, Parks & Institutional Flashcards
Section 8 vouchers
The Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher program allows you to choose your own rental unit anywhere in the NRHA seven-county region. … Under the public housing program, NRHA is the owner/landlord of the property.
HOME
The HOME Investment Partnerships Program (HOME) is a type of United States federal assistance provided by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to States in order to provide decent and affordable housing, particularly housing for low- and very low-income Americans.
HOPE
The HOPE VI Program, originally known as the Urban Revitalization Demonstration (URD), was developed as a result of recommendations by the National Commission on Severely Distressed Public Housing, which was charged with proposing a National Action Plan to eradicate severely distressed public housing.
LIHTC
The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program was enacted as part of the Tax Reform Act of 1986.
CDBG
The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program provides annual grants on a formula basis to states, cities, and counties to develop viable urban communities by providing decent housing and a suitable living environment, and by expanding economic opportunities, principally for low- and moderate-income persons.
NYC “Old” Tenement Act
Tenement Act of 1901- a New York State Progressive Era law which outlawed the construction of the dumbbell-shaped style tenement housing and set minimum size requirements for tenement housing. It also mandated the installation of lighting, better ventilation, and indoor bathrooms.
Jacob Riis
How the Other Half Lives (1890), he shocked the conscience of his readers with factual descriptions of slum conditions in New York City.
Housing 1934 Act -
Federal Housing Association The law created the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation (FSLIC)
National Housing Act 1937 Act
Slum Clearance
National Housing Act 1949 Act
Urban renewal & Slum Clearance: The Housing Act of 1949 was passed to help address the decline of urban housing following the exodus to the suburbs.
National Housing Act 1954 Act
The 1954 Act provided funding for 140,000 units of public housing, giving preferential treatment to families that would be relocated for slum eradication or revitalization.
Charles Abrams
Opposition to Moses, sum, discrimination: “The Future of Housing”
Fair Housing Act 1968 (civil rights act)
The Fair Housing Act of 1968 prohibited discrimination concerning the sale, rental and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin or sex.
Johnson’s Great Society
HUD creation: The main goal was the total elimination of poverty and racial injustice. New major spending programs that addressed education, medical care, urban problems, rural poverty, and transportation were launched during this period.
Robert Weaver
First United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
1966 Model Cities
Model Cities, an element of President Lyndon Johnson’s War on Poverty, was an ambitious federal urban aid program that ultimately fell short of its goals. Model Cities’ roots date back to the 1960s era of community empowerment. It was created in 1967 by members of St. James AME Church to remedy health access issues among low income residents of St. Paul’s Summit-University community.
1968 Housing & Urban Development Act
Johnson signed the Housing and Urban Development Act. The Act expanded funding for existing federal housing programs, provided rent subsidies for the elderly and disabled, assisted in the construction of more low-income housing, and provided funds for public works projects.
1968 Intergovernmental Coordination Act (Clearing House Review)
The clearinghouse review process provides “One stop” help to applicants for federal and/or state financial or nonfinancial assistance. It is the single point of contact (SPOC)
Section 8
The Section 8 program allows private landlords to rent apartments and homes at fair market rates to qualified low income tenants, with a rental subsidy administered by Home Forward. “Section 8” is a common name for the Housing Choice Voucher Program, funded by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
1977 Housing Act
designed to encourage commercial banks and savings associations to help meet the needs of borrowers in all segments of their communities, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods.
UDAG Program
The Urban Development Action Grant (UDAG) program, the. principal urban policy innovation of the Carter administration, was intended to stimulate economic recovery in America’s most distressed urban areas.
Exclusionary Zoning
Exclusionary zoning is the use of zoning ordinances to exclude certain types of land uses from a given community. As of the 2010s, exclusionary zoning ordinances are standard in almost all communities.
Inclusionary Zoning
Inclusionary zoning (IZ), also known as inclusionary housing, refers to municipal and county planning ordinances that require a given share of new construction to be affordable by people with low to moderate incomes.
Levittown
Levittown was the first truly mass-produced suburb and is widely regarded as the archetype for postwar suburbs throughout the country. William Levitt, who assumed control of Levitt & Sons in 1954, is considered the father of modern suburbia in the United States.
Levitt refused to sell Levittown homes to people of color, and the FHA, upon authorizing loans for the construction of Levittown, included racial covenants in each deed, making Levittown a segregated community.
co-housing
Cohousing is a small intentional community of private homes clustered around a shared space, which usually includes a large kitchen, dining area and recreational areas. … In nearly every cohousing community, the management is handled democratically by residents who live on the property.
gentrification
Gentrification is a highly contested issue, in part because of its stark visibility. Gentrification has the power to displace low-income families or, more often, prevent low-income families from moving into previously affordable neighborhoods.
Housing affordability index
measures whether or not a typical family earns enough income to qualify for a mortgage loan on a typical home at the national and regional levels based on the most recent price and income data.
30% gross income
Gifford Pinchot
1st head of the United States Forest Service
Frederick Law Olmstead
designed Central Park, & urban parks. also build the us capitol, the biltmore in NC & World Columbian Exposition in Chicago 1901
Pocket parks
Pocket parks are frequently created on small, irregular pieces of land, in vacant building lots, along the centers of broad avenues, or even in parking spots.
National Heritage Areas
National Heritage Areas are places where historic, cultural, and natural resources combine to form cohesive, nationally important landscapes. Unlike national parks, National Heritage Areas are large lived-in landscapes. There are 55 designated National Heritage Areas in 34 states across the country that support a diversity of conservation, recreation, education, and preservation activities.
Clarence Perry’s Neighborhood Unit
relationships between the residential components of a neighborhood and the uses that could easily be traversed to and from by foot. Perry utilized the 5-minute walk to define walking distances from residential to non-residential components, in particular, Perry was very concerned about the walkability to and from schools. The “Neighborhood Unit” has since laid the foundation for modern-day planning movements including the “new urbanism” movement of the ’80s, ’90s, and today.
Libraries “Third Place”
Where we live, where we work, and then a community center - Gen Z becoming a third place.
Trip generation
Trip generation is the first step in the conventional four-step transportation forecasting process (followed by trip distribution, mode choice, and route assignment), widely used for forecasting travel demands. It predicts the number of trips originating in or destined for a particular traffic analysis zone.
Robert Putnam
Putnam argues that civic life is collapsing - that Americans aren’t joining, as they once did, the groups and clubs that promote trust and cooperation. This undermines democracy, he says. We are “bowling alone”; since 1980, league bowling has dropped 40 percent.
