Public Health Lecture Flashcards
What is health?
physical, social, and mental well-being, not merely the absence of disease
what is public health?
science & art of preventing disease, prolonging life, & promoting health through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private communities and individuals
What are the functions of public health?
assessment, policy development, assurance
What is assessment?
regular collection and dissemination of data on health status, community health needs, and epidemiological issues (WHAT DOES THE COMMUNITY NEED?)
What is policy development?
promotion of the use of the base of scientific knowledge in decision making on policy matters affecting the public health (CHANGING THE WAY SOMETHING IS DONE TO MAKE AN IMPROVEMENT)
What is assurance?
provision of services necessary to achieve mutually agreed upon goals, either directly, through other entities or regulation (EVALUATE WHAT YOU DID, WHAT WORKED AND WHAT DID NOT, WHO WORKED?, HOW COULD IT BE IMPROVED?)
What is dental public health?
specialty of dentistry that focuses on the art and science of preventing and controlling dental disease and promoting dental health through organized community efforts
What are the criteria for a public health problem?
a condition/situation with chance of morbidity or mortality.
perception on the part of the public, government, or public health authorities that the condition is a public health problem
What is the public perception useful for?
influential in the allocation of resources to solve a problem
What is the governmental perception useful for?
insure immediate action and can impact program planning and operation
What is surveillance?
ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation of data utilized for planning, implementation, or evaluation of a public health practice. USED TO FIND THE POTENTIAL ACTION TOWARDS CHANGE
What is causing the aging of America?
increase in life expectancy, decrease in birth rate
What is the geographic trend?
Geographic distribution (moving from North to the South “sunbelt”)
What are the factors influencing population trends?
aging, geographic distribution, diversity, poverty
Where is poverty most common?
children and minorities
What percent of children live in poverty?
21.8% of children
What are social determinants of health?
complex grouping of factors involving measure of social and economic variables (poverty status and education level); race, ethnicity, gender effects
What is the federal poverty level?
22,000 for a family of 4
The higher the SES the _____
greater use of dental services
Number of Americans living in dentist shortage?
47.5 million
What are the key correlations of dental utilization?
• Poverty and access to dental insurance determine dental usage
Equality does not equal _____
equity
What are the determinants of health categories?
inherited determinant, acquired determinant
What is inherited determinant?
factors that are inborn or genetically determined
What is acquired determinant?
factors that influence health and are obtained after birth and throughout life (infections, trauma, spiritual values, etc)
What is quality of life?
individual’s perceptions of their position in life in the context of the culture and value system where they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns (subjective evaluation)
Domains of health and quality of life are ________
complementary and overlapping
What are the domains of quality of life?
1) Physical domain (energy, fatigue)
2) Psychological domain (positive feelings)
3) Level of independence (mobility)
4) Social relationships (practical social support)
5) Environment (accessibility to health care)
6) Personal beliefs / spirituality (meaning in life)
Subjective evaluation induces ______
both positive and negative dimensions and is embedded in social, cultural, and environmental context
What is health related quality of life?
reflects a personal sense of physical and mental health and ability to react to factors in the physical and social environments (mental and emotional); difficult to measure b/c subjective
What are 3 methods to evaluate health related quality of life?
1) Global assessments
2) Healthy days
3) Years of healthy life
What are some individual behaviors affecting oral health?
diet and nutrition, home care practices, tobacco/alcohol use, craniofacial injury
What are factors that influence oral health
access to quality health care and oral care;
policies and interventions
What does access to oral care include?
- Availability
- Accessibility
- Accommodation
- Affordability
- Acceptability (individual comes to provider and feels accepted)
What is oral health related quality of life?
multidimensional construct that reflects peoples comfort when eating, sleeping, and engaging in social interaction; their self-esteem; and their satisfaction with their oral health
What are the dimensions of oral health related quality of life?
environment, social and emotional, oral health(pain, bleeding gums), function, oral health care expectations (satisfaction)
What are the 7 domains of Oral Health Impact Profile?
Functional Limitation: Difficulty Chewing
Physical pain: Sensitive teeth
Psychologic discomfort: Self-conscious
Physical disability: Changes to diet
Psychologic disability: Reduced ability to concentrate
Social disability: Avoid social interaction
Handicap: Unable to work productively
What is a community?
: group of individuals organized into a unit, or manifesting some unifying trait or common interest (no 2 are identical)
What is the Planning cycle for community oral health promotion and oral disease prevention programs?
1) Assess factors
2) Plan policy/program
3) Implement policy/program
4) Evaluate policy/program
What are predisposing factors?
individual’s knowledge, attitudes, behavior, beliefs, and values that affect willingness to change (PARENT’S SMOKED
What are enabling factors?
factors in environment or community that facilitate or present obstacles to change (PEER PRESSURE/FRIENDS ALSO SMOKE)
What are reinforcing factors?
positive or negative effects of adopting the behavior that influence continuing the behavior (ADVERTISEMENTS)
