Nutrition Flashcards
What is the critical period?
time which environment has greatest impact on developing embryo
When does tooth development begin?
6 weeks gestation (in utero)
T/F: Saliva plays a key role in life in caries prevention
True
T/F: Nutrients do not affect the salivary glands
False
T/F: Nutrients do no affect periodontal tissue
False
Which nutrients affect alveolar bone quality?
Ca, P, Mg+Vitamin D
Which nutrients affect collagen formation of soft tissue?
Vitamin C
What does malnutrition lead to?
delayed tooth development
What does protein deficiency impact?
delayed tooth size and eruption sequence, decreased enamel solubility, salivary gland dysfunction
What are the macro nutrients?
protein, carbohydrates (starches,sugars), fats, water
What are the micro nutrients?
Vitamin A, B, C, D ,K, Calcium+ Phosphorus, Iron, Zinc
What are carbs used for? fats? proteins?
quick energy, long term energy storage, repair and building
How much protein do you need a day?
6 oz, about a palm of the hand
What type of patients are protein deprived?
vegan generally
What are complete proteins?
generally from animal source:dairy, eggs, meat. essential amino acids found
What are incomplete proteins?
generally from vegetable sources. lack some amino acids
Where do complementary proteins come from?
vegetable sources
Where do supplementary proteins come from?
generally soy or whey based
Is there human data on protein/calorie malnutriton? Affects carries?
yes, yes
What are water soluble vitamins?
Vitamins C, B
What are fat soluble vitamins?
Vitamins A, D, E, K
Which vitamins need to be replaced daily?
water soluble ones-C, B
Where are fat soluble vitamins stored?
liver
What does deficiency of vitamin A lead to?
enamel hypoplasia, decreased epithelial tissue development, tooth morphogenesis dysfunction, cleft lip /palate
What does deficiency of vitamin D lead to?affect caries?
enamel hypoplasia, yes
Where does vitamin D come from?
sunlight and dairy products
What does deficiency of vitamin C lead to? human data? caries?
abnormal dentin, pulpal alterations; no, no
What are some macro minerals?
calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, sulfur
What do minerals do in the body?
convert macro nutrients into energy, form connective tissue, function as antioxidants, form hormones
What does lack of calcium/phosphorus do?human data? carries?
decreased mineral integrity of tooth, delayed tooth eruption, yes, yes
what does too much fluoride do?
dental fluorosis-staining of teeth
Lack of fluoride leads to ____. data? carries?
decreased tooth stability, yes, yes
Lack of iron leads to ___. data? carries?
salivary gland dysfunction, no, yes
What are some environmental influences on tooth development?
lead-carries
nicotine-carries
tetracycline-staining
fluoride-fluorosis
What does a firm diet affect?
growth of mandible, maxilla, and proper tooth eruption
How much more intake does a pregnant women need? lactating women?
300 kcal, 10-15 g protein, fluids and Calcium up
500 kcal, 15 g protein, fluids and calcium up
What does folic acid do? Where is it found? How much is recommedned?
prevent cleft, leafy vegetables, fortified cereal, citrus fruit, legumes. 400 mcg
What type of vitamin is Folic acid? water soluble?
valin, yes
The energy needs of an infant are ___ times an adults
2-4 times
Specific ____ can affect ____ development
nutrients, salivary
Nutritional defects affect:
- Alveolar bone integrity
- Collagen formation of soft tissue
- Delayed tooth eruption
- Tooth size and eruption sequence
