Pediatric Dentistry Flashcards
What is pediatric dentistry?
for infants and children, including those with special health care needs; extra 2-3 years of specialty training
Focus on prevention and arrestment of the disease! (High cost on procedures, time missed from school, etc)
What is involved in caries?
HOST, SUBSTRATE, BACTERIA, and TIME
What is the most prevalent infectious disease among children?
caries
What is the top reason children miss school?
untreated dental disease
What is the most unmet health need?
dental care
Where is the caries rate greater?
greater in lower SES and Hispanic and Black non hispanic populations
What is a factor that led to less untreated dental caries?
more funding for medicaid
What is the prevalence of total caries in youth ?untreated caries?
43.1%, 13%
Which group has the largest total caries? highest untreated dental caries?
hispanic youth; black youth
Prevalence of total treated and untreated dental caries decreased as _____ increased
family income levels
Why are primary teeth so important?
- Proper chewing and eating
- Providing space for permanent teeth and guiding them into correct position
- Permit normal development of the jaw bones and muscles
- Speech development
- Esthetics
When does tooth formation begin?
• Tooth formation begins 7 weeks in utero
When does tooth mineralization begin?
• Tooth mineralization begins 4 months in utero
When does tooth eruption begin?
• Eruption begins about 6 months
When is tooth eruption completed?
• Eruption completed by 24-30 months (3 years old)
T/F Mandibular teeth erupt first
True
What is the sequence of eruption of primary teeth?
Primary Tooth eruption: CLFCS Primary Centrals Primary Laterals Primary First Molars Primary Canines Primary Second Molars
When does permanent tooth eruption begin? What tooth does is it usually begin with? what is the other option?
• Eruption begins 5-6 years (Starting with mandibular incisors) could be primary molars
When does permanent tooth eruption finish?
• Eruption completed by 13-14 years old (except for wisdom teeth)
When should child visit a dentist by?
• Every child should visit dentist by their FIRST BIRTHDAY (dental home by Age 1)
What is a dental home?
professional intervention within 6 months after the eruption of the primary tooth or by 1st year, directed at factors affecting the oral cavity, counseling on oral disease risk and deliver anticipatory guidance
What are the goals of the 1st visit?
educate family on caries process to avoid surgical intervention, fluoride and preventative strategies based on individual risk assessment, identify high risk children for early childhood carries, establish dental home
What are the characteristics of a dental home?
accessible, family centered, comprehensive, coordinated, compassionate, provides emergency care
What to do during an infant exam?
• Review CC and health history (note meds, probs during pregnancy, trauma)
• Anticipatory guidance (list above)
• Exam (knee to knee, soft tissue/hard tissue, ToothBrush prophy, fluoride varnish)
i. Soft tissue: scars to head/neck, HSV-1, Aphthous Ulcers, Cheek + lip biting
ii. Hard tissue: caries, calculus, fluorosis, discolorations, mobility, etc
• Address any areas of concern
• PRAISE MOM FOR BRINGING CHILD IN!! 😊
What is anticipatory guidance include?
- Dental and oral development
- Fluoride status
- Oral hygiene/health
- Habits
- Nutrition and diet
- Injury prevention
Who should be a part of the appointment?
• Parents and care providers encouraged to attend appointment; Siblings for a good model example, office staff (dental assistant)
How often can medicaids patients visit? private insurance?
every 3 months until 3 years old, every 6 months
What is primary herpes?
initial herpes episode often associated with eruption of primary teeth; viral origin (runs course 10-14 days); Hydrate
What is the teeth eruption rule?
7+4 rule. every 4 months after 7 months you get 4 more teeth
How much toothpaste for children below 3? from 3-5?
- Smear layer of toothpaste for children below 3 years old
* Pea size toothpaste 3-5 years of age
What does fluoride do?
increases resistance of tooth structure to demineralization, enhances the process of remineralization, reduces the cariogenic potential of dental plaque
What is the optimal level of fluoride ?
.6-.7ppm
What are some home fluoride options?
toothpaste, mouth rinses, tooth mousse or casein phosphopeptide-amorphouse
Rinses are recommended for who?
moderate to high risk patients, orthodontic patients, not for children <6
When should bottle/breast weaning be done?
by 12 months aka 1 year
Never put a child _______
to bed with a bottle
what do you transition from weaning?
to sippy cup using water, juice/milk at meal times
Reduce _____ and ____ of sugar consumed
frequency and amount
When should a child stop pacifier use?
no later than age 2
When is thumb sucking considered normal?
until age 4
What is the best predictor of future caries?
• Visible plaque on maxillary anterior teeth BEST predictor of future caries
What are fissure sealants?
material introduced into occlusal pits and fissures of caries-susceptible teeth, thus forming a micromechanically bonded, protective layer cutting access of caries producing bacteria from the source of nutrients
