Proteins

Question 1

What is bone composed of?

Answer 1

• Hydroxyapatite(mineral)
• Collagen (protein)
• Non-collagen proteins
• Lipids
• Water

Question 2

What are proteins?

Answer 2

• polymers with 3D structures that promote functions including enzymatic activity and formation of essential structures

Question 3

• The linkage between amino acids in a protein is an _____

Answer 3

amide linkage

Question 4

A sequence of peptide linkages are known as a ______

Answer 4

polypeptide

Question 5

How long are most proteins?

Answer 5

50-2000 amino acids

Question 6

What are the 3 types of interactions that hold a protein together?

Answer 6

hydrogen bond, van der walls interactions, electrostatic attractions (salt bridges between positively and negatively charged parts of proteins)

Question 7

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Answer 7

sequence of amino acids

Question 8

The type of bond between 2 amino acids is a ____

Answer 8

peptide bond

Question 9

Primary structure goes from ___ to ____ terminus

Answer 9

N to C

Question 10

Rotation around peptide bond restricted by _____

Answer 10

resonance

Question 11

What are the 2 secondary structures?

Answer 11

alpha helix, beta sheet

Question 12

Where do hydrogen bonds form in alpha helix?

Answer 12

1,4 hydrogen bond

Question 13

How many steps per turn in alpha helix?

Answer 13

3.6 or interact every 4 steps

Question 14

what is the distance between neighboring residues in alpha helix? beta sheet?

Answer 14

.15 nm, .35nm

Question 15

B strands can align both _____ and _____ to form B-sheets. what does each mean?

Answer 15

parallel, antiparallel–>C to N interacts with N to C, for parallel theyre the same

Question 16

Which beta sheet is more stable?

Answer 16

antiparallel

Question 17

Examples of all beta sheet proteins?

Answer 17

silk fibroin, amyloid of alzheimer disease

Question 18

example of all alpha helix?

Answer 18

@ keratin, myosin

Question 19

Most proteins are ____ of secondary structures

Answer 19

mixtures

Question 20

Variations of Beta sheet?

Answer 20

B helix, B-Hairpin, Greek-key

Question 21

The collagen triple helix is composed of ____

Answer 21

1/3 glycine

Question 22

To denature a protein is to ______

Answer 22

unravel its secondary and tertiary structure

Question 23

Tertiary structure is :

Answer 23

3 dimensional structure of the entire polypeptide chain

Question 24

What is the Anfinsen hypothesis?

Answer 24

tertiary structure is determined by primary structure

Question 25

is the anfinsen hypothesis true?

Answer 25

for some, but not all proteins

Question 26

How did they denature protein? S-S bonds?

Answer 26

urea, B-mercaptoethanol

Question 27

What is quaternary structure?

Answer 27

arrangement of protein subunits in a complex (group of several proteins

Question 28

How are tertiary structures stabilized?

Answer 28

hydrogen bonds, electrostatic/hydrophobic interactions, sometimes disulfide linkages

Question 29

what are some roles proteins play?

Answer 29

increase rate of reaction 2) protect DNA 3) shuttle nutrients and waste across membrane