Amino Acids

Question 1

What are proteins?

Answer 1

polymers of amino acids.

Question 2

Polymers are ______

Answer 2

molecules that consist of repeating subunits

Question 3

What does hemoglobin do?

Answer 3

transports oxygen in blood cells

Question 4

What does myoglobin do?

Answer 4

stores oxygen in muscle

Question 5

What is collagen?

Answer 5

forms fibers in a supporting matrix for connective tissue. . gives strength and flexibility

Question 6

What does amelogenin do?

Answer 6

organizes the formation of mineral crystals in enamel

Question 7

What does keratin do?

Answer 7

forms fibers that provide strength for skin

Question 8

What does dextransucrase do?

Answer 8

catalyzes formation of dextran, a component of dental plaque

Question 9

Dextransucrase is an enzyme T/F

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What is the common structure of an amino acid?

Answer 10

amino group, carboxylic acid group, side chain, and H.

Question 11

Proline is an exception because?

Answer 11

it has an imino group (NH not NH2) an imino acid

Question 12

What does chiral mean? Which is the only non chiral amino acid?

Answer 12

mirror image/non-superimposable) Glycine** exception (2 H attachments

Question 13

Which type of amino acids are in proteins?

Answer 13

L Amino Acids

Question 14

How does a zwitter ion form?

Answer 14

• Acid RELEASES H ion in water (dissociate protons)-COOH group
• Base ACCEPTS H ion in water (pick up protons and become positive)-amino group

Question 15

What form is amino acid at ph=7? where is this found?

Answer 15

zwitter ion form, the environment of a cell

Question 16

What are the non polar aliphatic amino acids?

Answer 16

alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine

Question 17

What are the non polar aromatic amino acids?

Answer 17

phenylalanine, tryptophan

Question 18

Characterize Proline

Answer 18

imino acid, non polar

Question 19

Characterize methionine

Answer 19

non polar, sulfur containing

Question 20

Characterize glycine

Answer 20

non polar, chiral

Question 21

characterize cysteine

Answer 21

non polar, sulfar containing

Question 22

How do disulfide bonds form? what is their purpose?

Answer 22

2 cysteine side chains, can stabilize a protein

Question 23

What is cystine?

Answer 23

when 2 cysteine side chains come together and covalently bond between the S’s

Question 24

Aspartic Acid and Glutamic Acid are ____

Answer 24

acidic, polar amino acids

Question 25

What are the basic, polar amino acids? Which most, least basic?

Answer 25

lysine, arginine, histidine

arginine-most, histidine-least

Question 26

Asparagine and glutamine are _____

Answer 26

uncharged, polar, aliphatic amides

Question 27

What are the aliphatic hydroxyls? How are they classified?

Answer 27

serine, threonine, ; uncharged, polar

Question 28

T/F Aliphatic hydroxyls can be phosphorylated

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Which is the aromatic hydroxyl? how is it classified?

Answer 29

tyrosine; uncharged, polar

Question 30

Proline is found in ____

Answer 30

collagen

Question 31

What is a cofactor for hydroxalation of proline? If not properly hydroxylated what do you get?

Answer 31

Vitamin C. Scurvy

Question 32

Vitamin K is a cofactor for what? What is this used for?

Answer 32

carboxylating glutamic acid. blood clotting (prothrombin)

Question 33

What else gets hydroxylated by vitamin c?

Answer 33

lysine

Question 34

Which amino acids are phosphorylated?

Answer 34

threonine, tyrosine, serine

Question 35

What are the structure breaking amino acids? Why are they able to do this?

Answer 35

Glycine-small and lots of brownian motion.

Proline-bulky and inconsistent with protein conformations

Question 36

BPG reduces ____ of hemoglobin for _____

Answer 36

affinity, oxygen (releases more O2)