Amino Acids Flashcards
What are proteins?
polymers of amino acids.
Polymers are ______
molecules that consist of repeating subunits
What does hemoglobin do?
transports oxygen in blood cells
What does myoglobin do?
stores oxygen in muscle
What is collagen?
forms fibers in a supporting matrix for connective tissue. . gives strength and flexibility
What does amelogenin do?
organizes the formation of mineral crystals in enamel
What does keratin do?
forms fibers that provide strength for skin
What does dextransucrase do?
catalyzes formation of dextran, a component of dental plaque
Dextransucrase is an enzyme T/F
True
What is the common structure of an amino acid?
amino group, carboxylic acid group, side chain, and H.
Proline is an exception because?
it has an imino group (NH not NH2) an imino acid
What does chiral mean? Which is the only non chiral amino acid?
mirror image/non-superimposable) Glycine** exception (2 H attachments
Which type of amino acids are in proteins?
L Amino Acids
How does a zwitter ion form?
- Acid RELEASES H ion in water (dissociate protons)-COOH group
- Base ACCEPTS H ion in water (pick up protons and become positive)-amino group
What form is amino acid at ph=7? where is this found?
zwitter ion form, the environment of a cell
What are the non polar aliphatic amino acids?
alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine
What are the non polar aromatic amino acids?
phenylalanine, tryptophan
Characterize Proline
imino acid, non polar
Characterize methionine
non polar, sulfur containing
Characterize glycine
non polar, chiral
characterize cysteine
non polar, sulfar containing
How do disulfide bonds form? what is their purpose?
2 cysteine side chains, can stabilize a protein
What is cystine?
when 2 cysteine side chains come together and covalently bond between the S’s
Aspartic Acid and Glutamic Acid are ____
acidic, polar amino acids
What are the basic, polar amino acids? Which most, least basic?
lysine, arginine, histidine
arginine-most, histidine-least
Asparagine and glutamine are _____
uncharged, polar, aliphatic amides
What are the aliphatic hydroxyls? How are they classified?
serine, threonine, ; uncharged, polar
T/F Aliphatic hydroxyls can be phosphorylated
True
Which is the aromatic hydroxyl? how is it classified?
tyrosine; uncharged, polar
Proline is found in ____
collagen
What is a cofactor for hydroxalation of proline? If not properly hydroxylated what do you get?
Vitamin C. Scurvy
Vitamin K is a cofactor for what? What is this used for?
carboxylating glutamic acid. blood clotting (prothrombin)
What else gets hydroxylated by vitamin c?
lysine
Which amino acids are phosphorylated?
threonine, tyrosine, serine
What are the structure breaking amino acids? Why are they able to do this?
Glycine-small and lots of brownian motion.
Proline-bulky and inconsistent with protein conformations
BPG reduces ____ of hemoglobin for _____
affinity, oxygen (releases more O2)
