Public Health Flashcards
How was epidemiology exemplified?
John snow with his work on cholera
Public health issues?
Immunisation
Outbreaks
Teenage pregnancies
Heart disease
HIV/AIDs
Smoking
Accidents
Challenges of feeding the world?
Population size
Costs
Sustainability
Clinical manifestation of a Vit A deficiency?
Blindness
Increased severity of diarrhoea and infections
Clinical manifestation of iodine deficiency?
Poor cognitive development
What is epidemiology?
Study of the frequency, distribution and determinants of disease in a population
Crude death rate?
Mortality rate for whole population
Equation for incidence rate?
No. of persons exposed to risk of developing the disease during that period of time
Prevalance rate equation?
Number of persons at risk of having disease at that point in time
Under-nutrition?
Food insecurity, restricted access to nutrient dense food
Overweight and obesity?
High volumes of food that are high in energy but low in nutrients
Chronic diet related conditions?
Diabetes
CAD
Peripheral artery disease
Strokes
Cancer
Bone disease
Dental disease
Hypertension
Obesity
PPE stand for
A: Personal protective equipment
The analysis of cells based on their physical form & structure.
The measurement of T-lymphocyte subsets in blood.
Light microscopy is commonly used for the morphological assessment of cells.
Immunophenotypid investigates the pattern of antigen expression on or in cells through a panel of antibodies. Protein expression profiles, unique to different cell-types can thus be identified through immunophenotyping.
What goes into orange bags
Used IV drip tubing goes into an orange bag as an orange bag is a
non-sharp clinical waste. Paper towels & empty medication blister packs go into a black bag. Unused needles & empty vaccine vials go into sharps bins.
morbidity?
* New cases occurring in a defined time period ?
- Frequency of which a disease appears in a population
- Incidence
Sensitivity vs. Specificity
Sensitivity measures how often a test correctly generates a positive result for people who have the condition that’s being tested for.
Specificity measures a test’s ability to correctly generate a negative result for people who don’t have the condition
We want to:
Intervene to remove risk factors (Eg. Smoking ban)
Incidence =
Prevalence =
- No. of **new cases **present/no. people exposed (per 1000)
- No. of **total cases **present/no. people at risk (per 1000)
Incidence includes:
B. New cases occurring in a defined time period
A: Confidential waste (blue bag)
B: Clinical waste (orange bag)
C: Soiled laundry (Red bag)
D: Medications vials with residual medicine (Yellow sharps bin, blue lid)
E: Needles, syringes, other sharps (Yellow sharps bin, red lid)
Household waste (black bag)
B: Confidential waste (blue bag)
C: Clinical waste (orange bag)
D: Soiled laundry (red bag)
E: Theatre - eg amputated limbs (yellow bag)
A - Airway assessment
B - Breathing assessment
C - Circulation assessment
D - Correct - Disability assessment in which glucose monitoring is integral
E - Evidence, environment, exposure
