ANATOMY Intro to Clinical language Flashcards
Name structure labelled A
Periosteum(بيري ياستيم)
Name the structures labelled A
Epiphysis(ابافسيس)
Name structure labelled A
Hyaline (articular) cartilage
Name structures labelled A
Epiphyseal growth plate
Name structures labelled A
Metaphysis
Name the structure labelled A
Diaphysis
Name the structure labelled A
Coronal Suture(سوجر) left
Name the structure labelled B
Sphenoid bone (left)
Name the structure labelled C
Occipital bone (اوكسبيتال ) behind the head
Name the structure labelled A
Sagittal suture
Name structures B and C
Temporal bones (left and right)(تيم بيرل )
Name structure D
Occipital bone
Name structure labelled A
Foramen Magnum (فورايمين)
Name stuctures B, C, D, E and F
B&C - Temporal bones
D - Occipital bone
E&F - Parietal bones برايديل
Name structure G and H
G - Cribriform(كرابير فرميد) plate of ethmoid bone
H - Frontal bone
Name the structure labelled A
Zygomatic bone (left)
Maxilla (ماكزلا)
mandible
Name the structures A,B,C,D and E
A - Condylar process كون ديلير بروسيسس
B - Ramus
C - Mental foramen
D - Mental protuberance (chin)
E - Coronoid process
Nane the structures A, B, C, D, E and F
A - Vertebral foramen
B - Transverse process
C - Spinous process سبينيس
D - Inferior articular process
E - Superior articular process
F - Vertebral arch
Name structures A and B
A - Intervertebral foramen انتيرڤرتيبرل فورايمن
B - Facet joint
Name structures A, B and C
A - Fibula (right) فبيلا
B - Tibia (right)تبيا
C - (interosseous membrane (right)) انت اراسيس
Name structures A and B
A - Annulus fibrosus انيليس فايبروسيس
B - Nucleus pulposu بلبوسو
Name the types of muscle from the examples given
A - Circular
B - Pennate بينيت
C - Quadrate
D - Flat (with aponeurosis)
E - Fusiform
Name the layers in the skin from A to E
A - Epidermis
B - Dermis (collagen/elastic fibres)
C - Superficial fascia (adipose tissue) سوبيرفسيل فاسيا
D - Deep fascia (fibrous tissue)
E - Skeletal muscle
Name the regions or structures labelled A to G
A - Cervical region
B - Thoracic region
C - Lumbar region
D - Sacral region
E - Cervical enlargement
F - Lumbosacral enlargement
G - Cauda equina كوده يكونه
Name the foramina A to H
A - Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
B - Optic canal
C - Superior orbital fissure (think universe)
D - Foramen rotundum روتندم
E - Foramen ovale
F - Internal acoustic meatus
G - Jugular foramen
H - Hypoglossal foramen
Name structure A
A - Kidney (right)
Name structures A, B and C
A - Abdominolateral muscles (external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominus)
B - Paranephric fat
C - Perinephric fat
Name structures A, B and C
A - Parietal peritoneum
B - Renal (deep) fascia (فاشا)
C - Renal capsule (كابسل)
As a vessel progresses along its path, its name will often change based of its location. Name the vessel at points A to E
A - Subclavian artery (left) سبكليفين
B - Axillary artery (left) اكسيليري
C - Brachial artery (left) بريكيل
D - Radial artery (left) رايديل
E - Ulnar artery (left)اولنر
Name arteries A to D
A - External iliac artery (right)الي ياك
B - Internal iliac artery (left)الي ياك
C - Common iliac arteries (left & right)
D - Abdominal aorta ايوردا
Name joints A to H
A - Costochondral joints كستو كوندل
B - Sternocostal jointsستيريو كستل
C - Costovertebral joints يردبريلvكستو
D - Facet jointsفاسيت
E - Intervertebral discs
F - Manubriosternal joint (at sternal angle) مانو برستيرنل
G - Sternoclavicular joints ستيرنو كلافكيلر
H - Acromioclavicular joints أكروميوكلافكيلر
Identify all the24 joints
Right ankle joint
proximal radioulnar joint
metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint ميتا كابا فالانجيل
interphalangeal joint (PIP&DIP) hand
knee joint
proximal and distal tibiofibular joint تيبيو فبيلا
ankle joint
Aortic Valve – Right 2nd intercostal space at sternal edge.
Pulmonary Valve – Left 2nd intercostal space at sternal edge.
Tricuspid Valve – Left 4th intercostal space at sternal edge.
Bicuspid Valve – Left 5th intercostal space in mid-clavicular line.
visualise
- ** Anterior-
Posterior-
Mid-Axillary Line**Mid-sternal Midclavicular
Costal margin
supine position
Maxillae
This bone doesn’t articulate with any other bones
Hyoid
The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the neck, between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. Unlike most other bones in the body, the hyoid bone doesn’t articulate (i.e., doesn’t form a joint) with any other bones.
This bone forms the heel of the foot
Calcaneus), this is the largest foot bone and protrudes posteriorly to form the heel of the foot
This bone possesses the odontoid process
(Axis), C2 has a process known as the odontoid process or the peg which C1 rotates around to allow head movement
The germ layers are formed during which stage of embryogenesis?
Gastrulation involves the migration of cells through the primitive streak to form the germ layers.
Fertilisation is the union of the sperm and oocyte; cleavage refers to the earliest cell divisions of the embryo;
morphogenesis is the formation of the body plan and organogenesis is the development of the primordia of all the organs of the body.
This cranial nerve supplies the sensory nerve supply to the ear
(Vestibulocochlear), supplies the special sensory innovation of the ear to allow hearing and balance
This cranial nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression
(Facial), innovates all the muscles of facial expression, hence its name!
Where does fertilisation normally occur?
ampulla of the uterine tube
TYPE of JOINTS
Coronal suture
Sternoclavicular joint
Elbow joint
- Fibrous joint
- Hinge type synovial joint
- Saddle type synovial joint
TYPE of JOINTS
Interosseous membrane of the forearm
Pubic symphysis
Intervertebral disc
- Fibrous joint
- Secondary cartilaginous joint
- Primary cartilaginous joint
associations for each of the following anatomical landmarks:
Bifurcation of the trachea
Sternal angle
Male nipple
- T4/5
- 2nd rib
- T4
the nerve which serves each of the following functions
Supplies mechanoreceptors to the upper respiratory tract
Controls contraction of the diaphragm during the inspiratory phase
Controls contraction and relaxation of its respective intercostal muscle
- Vagus nerve (CN X)
- Phrenic nerve
- Intercostal nerve
the nerve which serves each of the following functions
Supplies mechanoreceptors to the upper respiratory tract
Controls contraction of the diaphragm during the inspiratory phase
Controls contraction and relaxation of its respective intercostal muscle
- Vagus nerve (CN X)
- Phrenic nerve
- Intercostal nerve
arteries supplies the midgut
The foregut
The hindgut
transverse colon
distal part of the transverse colon and the descending colon
?
- The midgut is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery.
- The foregut is supplied by the celiac trunk (option E).
- The hindgut is supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery (option D).
- The middle colic artery (option A) is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery, and it supplies the transverse colon.
- The marginal artery of Drummond (option B) is formed from anastomoses between the superior and inferior mesenteric artery, it supplies the distal part of the transverse colon and the descending colon.
This anatomy is clinically relevant for bowel ischaemia.
what is Subluxation
reduced area of contact between articular surfaces
what is Dislocation
is a complete loss of contact between articular surfaces.
Pancreatic head is supplied by the
Pancreatic tail is supplied by
pancreaticoduodenal artery
branches of the splenic artery
the posterior medial wall of the second part of the duodenum. supply by
**The gastroduodenal artery **can be the source of a significant gastrointestinal bleed occuring as a complication of peptic ulcer disease
What two structures merge together to form the Ampulla of Vater?
Pancreatic duct and common bile duct merge to form the ampulla of Vater
Bile salts are absorbed in
in the terminal ileum therefore suffering from pateitns may develop bile acid malabsorption (bam) as a result of terminal ilum surgery.
BAM : When bile acids aren’t properly absorbed in your intestines, they build up, upsetting the chemical balance inside. Excess bile acids trigger your colon to secrete extra water, leading to watery stools.
The cystic artery is a branch of
the right hepatic artery thus during
sugrgery the doctor may compressing the right hepatic artery to control the bleeding
The gallbladder is lined by
by simple columnar epithelium
Anterior is called —-
Posterior is also called —–
Ventral
Dorsal
Collateral blood vessels
are small capillary-like branches of an artery that form over time to “bypass” an area of narrowing in the main artery and thus help maintain blood flow to the territory supplied by this artery.
Ovulation begin in
Ovary
a long bone in the forearmi s called
E. Ulna
axial skeleton that includes all the bones along the body’s long axis
the bones of the skull,
vertebral column (including the Atlas, the first vertebra) and thoracic cage,
including the sternum.
The appendicular skeleton includes all
the bones that form the upper and lower limbs, and the shoulder (including the scapula) and pelvic girdles.
The long bones of the upper limb include the
- humerii,
- radii,
- ulnae (forearm)
- metacarpals
those of the lower limb include
- femorii,
- tibiae,
- fibulae
- metatarsals.
The foot itself can be divided into 3 parts:
- the forefoot ,
- the midfoot,
- the hindfoot.
- The hindfoot and midfoot have tarsal bones, and the forefoot contains the metatarsals and the phalanges
3–4 days after the fertilisation of an ovum.
Morula
- At day 5 following successful in vitro fertilisation, the embryo, that consists of a ball of cells, with a cavity and inner cell mass is transferred into the uterine cavity.
Blastocyst
Between which gestational time period (from fertilisation to birth), is an unborn offspring called an embryo?
E. Fertilisation to the end of 8 weeks
After the 8th week and until birth, the unborn offspring is called a fetus.
during anatomical postion the thumbs pointing away from the body
True
type of cells that typically polarised tissue, forming cohesive sheets, lines his abdominal cavity
C. Epithelial cells
tissue composed mainly of packed, extracellular bundles of collagen fibres which are arranged in random directions.
A. Dense irregular connective tissue **
* Only connective tissue consists mainly of extracellular space and indeed fibres
* ‘packed’ which indicate a dense connective tissue, rather than a loose one
What are the resident cells within cartilage called?
Chondrocytes
Chondrocytes are specialized cells that produce and maintain the extracellular matrix of cartilage.
sequence of layers, beginning with the outermost to innermost that the needle penetrates?
Tunpica adventitia -> External elastic memebrane -> Tunica media -> Internal elastic memebrane -> Tunica intima
Swelling difficulty related to which nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Tongue movement causing speech difficulty control by which nerve ?
Hypoglossal nerve
