ANATOMY Intro to Clinical language Flashcards by Ibrahim Abed

Name structure labelled A

Periosteum(بيري ياستيم)

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Name the structures labelled A

Epiphysis(ابافسيس)

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Name structure labelled A

Hyaline (articular) cartilage

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Name structures labelled A

Epiphyseal growth plate

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Name structures labelled A

Metaphysis

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Name the structure labelled A

Diaphysis

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Name the structure labelled A

Coronal Suture(سوجر) left

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Name the structure labelled B

Sphenoid bone (left)

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Name the structure labelled C

Occipital bone (اوكسبيتال ) behind the head

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Name the structure labelled A

Sagittal suture

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Name structures B and C

Temporal bones (left and right)(تيم بيرل )

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Name structure D

Occipital bone

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Name structure labelled A

Foramen Magnum (فورايمين)

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Name stuctures B, C, D, E and F

B&C - Temporal bones

D - Occipital bone

E&F - Parietal bones برايديل

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Name structure G and H

G - Cribriform(كرابير فرميد) plate of ethmoid bone

H - Frontal bone

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Name the structure labelled A

Zygomatic bone (left)
Maxilla (ماكزلا)
mandible

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Name the structures A,B,C,D and E

A - Condylar process كون ديلير بروسيسس

B - Ramus

C - Mental foramen

D - Mental protuberance (chin)

E - Coronoid process

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Nane the structures A, B, C, D, E and F

A - Vertebral foramen

B - Transverse process

C - Spinous process سبينيس

D - Inferior articular process

E - Superior articular process

F - Vertebral arch

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Name structures A and B

A - Intervertebral foramen انتيرڤرتيبرل فورايمن

B - Facet joint

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Name structures A, B and C

A - Fibula (right) فبيلا

B - Tibia (right)تبيا

C - (interosseous membrane (right)) انت اراسيس

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Name structures A and B

A - Annulus fibrosus انيليس فايبروسيس

B - Nucleus pulposu بلبوسو

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Name the types of muscle from the examples given

A - Circular

B - Pennate بينيت

C - Quadrate

D - Flat (with aponeurosis)

E - Fusiform

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Name the layers in the skin from A to E

A - Epidermis

B - Dermis (collagen/elastic fibres)

C - Superficial fascia (adipose tissue) سوبيرفسيل فاسيا

D - Deep fascia (fibrous tissue)

E - Skeletal muscle

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Name the regions or structures labelled A to G

A - Cervical region

B - Thoracic region

C - Lumbar region

D - Sacral region

E - Cervical enlargement

F - Lumbosacral enlargement

G - Cauda equina كوده يكونه

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Name the foramina A to H

A - Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

B - Optic canal

C - Superior orbital fissure (think universe)

D - Foramen rotundum روتندم

E - Foramen ovale

F - Internal acoustic meatus

G - Jugular foramen

H - Hypoglossal foramen

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Name structure A

A - Kidney (right)

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Name structures A, B and C

A - Abdominolateral muscles (external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominus)

B - Paranephric fat

C - Perinephric fat

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Name structures A, B and C

A - Parietal peritoneum

B - Renal (deep) fascia (فاشا)

C - Renal capsule (كابسل)

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As a vessel progresses along its path, its name will often change based of its location. Name the vessel at points A to E

A - Subclavian artery (left) سبكليفين

B - Axillary artery (left) اكسيليري

C - Brachial artery (left) بريكيل

D - Radial artery (left) رايديل

E - Ulnar artery (left)اولنر

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Name arteries A to D

A - External iliac artery (right)الي ياك

B - Internal iliac artery (left)الي ياك

C - Common iliac arteries (left & right)

D - Abdominal aorta ايوردا

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Name joints A to H

A - Costochondral joints كستو كوندل

B - Sternocostal jointsستيريو كستل

C - Costovertebral joints يردبريلvكستو

D - Facet jointsفاسيت

E - Intervertebral discs

F - Manubriosternal joint (at sternal angle) مانو برستيرنل

G - Sternoclavicular joints ستيرنو كلافكيلر

H - Acromioclavicular joints أكروميوكلافكيلر

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Identify all the24 joints

Right ankle joint
proximal radioulnar joint
metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint ميتا كابا فالانجيل
interphalangeal joint (PIP&DIP) hand
knee joint
proximal and distal tibiofibular joint تيبيو فبيلا
ankle joint

Aortic Valve – Right 2nd intercostal space at sternal edge.
Pulmonary Valve – Left 2nd intercostal space at sternal edge.
Tricuspid Valve – Left 4th intercostal space at sternal edge.
Bicuspid Valve – Left 5th intercostal space in mid-clavicular line.

visualise

** Anterior-
Posterior-
Mid-Axillary Line**

                                                                   Mid-sternal
                                                                   Midclavicular

Costal margin

supine position

Maxillae

This bone doesn’t articulate with any other bones

Hyoid
The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the neck, between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. Unlike most other bones in the body, the hyoid bone doesn’t articulate (i.e., doesn’t form a joint) with any other bones.

This bone forms the heel of the foot

Calcaneus), this is the largest foot bone and protrudes posteriorly to form the heel of the foot

This bone possesses the odontoid process

(Axis), C2 has a process known as the odontoid process or the peg which C1 rotates around to allow head movement

The germ layers are formed during which stage of embryogenesis?

Gastrulation involves the migration of cells through the primitive streak to form the germ layers.
Fertilisation is the union of the sperm and oocyte; cleavage refers to the earliest cell divisions of the embryo;
morphogenesis is the formation of the body plan and organogenesis is the development of the primordia of all the organs of the body.

This cranial nerve supplies the sensory nerve supply to the ear

(Vestibulocochlear), supplies the special sensory innovation of the ear to allow hearing and balance

This cranial nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression

(Facial), innovates all the muscles of facial expression, hence its name!

Where does fertilisation normally occur?

ampulla of the uterine tube

TYPE of JOINTS
Coronal suture
Sternoclavicular joint
Elbow joint

Fibrous joint
Hinge type synovial joint
Saddle type synovial joint

TYPE of JOINTS
Interosseous membrane of the forearm
Pubic symphysis
Intervertebral disc

Fibrous joint
Secondary cartilaginous joint
Primary cartilaginous joint

associations for each of the following anatomical landmarks:
Bifurcation of the trachea
Sternal angle
Male nipple

T4/5
2nd rib
T4

the nerve which serves each of the following functions
Supplies mechanoreceptors to the upper respiratory tract
Controls contraction of the diaphragm during the inspiratory phase
Controls contraction and relaxation of its respective intercostal muscle

Vagus nerve (CN X)
Phrenic nerve
Intercostal nerve

Vagus nerve (CN X)
Phrenic nerve
Intercostal nerve

arteries supplies the midgut
The foregut
The hindgut
transverse colon
distal part of the transverse colon and the descending colon
?

The midgut is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery.
The foregut is supplied by the celiac trunk (option E).
The hindgut is supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery (option D).
The middle colic artery (option A) is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery, and it supplies the transverse colon.
The marginal artery of Drummond (option B) is formed from anastomoses between the superior and inferior mesenteric artery, it supplies the distal part of the transverse colon and the descending colon.

This anatomy is clinically relevant for bowel ischaemia.

what is Subluxation

reduced area of contact between articular surfaces

what is Dislocation

is a complete loss of contact between articular surfaces.

Pancreatic head is supplied by the
Pancreatic tail is supplied by

pancreaticoduodenal artery
branches of the splenic artery

the posterior medial wall of the second part of the duodenum. supply by

**The gastroduodenal artery **can be the source of a significant gastrointestinal bleed occuring as a complication of peptic ulcer disease

What two structures merge together to form the Ampulla of Vater?

Pancreatic duct and common bile duct merge to form the ampulla of Vater

Bile salts are absorbed in

in the terminal ileum therefore suffering from pateitns may develop bile acid malabsorption (bam) as a result of terminal ilum surgery.
BAM : When bile acids aren’t properly absorbed in your intestines, they build up, upsetting the chemical balance inside. Excess bile acids trigger your colon to secrete extra water, leading to watery stools.

The cystic artery is a branch of

the right hepatic artery thus during

sugrgery the doctor may compressing the right hepatic artery to control the bleeding

The gallbladder is lined by

by simple columnar epithelium

Anterior is called —-
Posterior is also called —–

Ventral
Dorsal

Collateral blood vessels

are small capillary-like branches of an artery that form over time to “bypass” an area of narrowing in the main artery and thus help maintain blood flow to the territory supplied by this artery.

Ovulation begin in

Ovary

a long bone in the forearmi s called

E. Ulna

axial skeleton that includes all the bones along the body’s long axis

the bones of the skull,
vertebral column (including the Atlas, the first vertebra) and thoracic cage,
including the sternum.

The appendicular skeleton includes all

the bones that form the upper and lower limbs, and the shoulder (including the scapula) and pelvic girdles.

The long bones of the upper limb include the

humerii,
radii,
ulnae (forearm)
metacarpals

those of the lower limb include

femorii,
tibiae,
fibulae
metatarsals.

The foot itself can be divided into 3 parts:

the forefoot ,
the midfoot,
the hindfoot.
The hindfoot and midfoot have tarsal bones, and the forefoot contains the metatarsals and the phalanges

3–4 days after the fertilisation of an ovum.

Morula

At day 5 following successful in vitro fertilisation, the embryo, that consists of a ball of cells, with a cavity and inner cell mass is transferred into the uterine cavity.

Blastocyst

Between which gestational time period (from fertilisation to birth), is an unborn offspring called an embryo?

E. Fertilisation to the end of 8 weeks

After the 8th week and until birth, the unborn offspring is called a fetus.

during anatomical postion the thumbs pointing away from the body

True

type of cells that typically polarised tissue, forming cohesive sheets, lines his abdominal cavity

C. Epithelial cells

tissue composed mainly of packed, extracellular bundles of collagen fibres which are arranged in random directions.

A. Dense irregular connective tissue **
* Only connective tissue consists mainly of extracellular space and indeed fibres
* ‘packed’ which indicate a dense connective tissue, rather than a loose one

What are the resident cells within cartilage called?

Chondrocytes

Chondrocytes are specialized cells that produce and maintain the extracellular matrix of cartilage.

sequence of layers, beginning with the outermost to innermost that the needle penetrates?

Tunpica adventitia -> External elastic memebrane -> Tunica media -> Internal elastic memebrane -> Tunica intima

Swelling difficulty related to which nerve

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Tongue movement causing speech difficulty control by which nerve ?

Hypoglossal nerve

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ANATOMY Intro to Clinical language Flashcards

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