Embryology

Question 1

What is a conceptus?

Answer 1

Fertilisation-> end of week 3

Question 2

Embryo?

Answer 2

Week 4->week 8

Question 3

Foetus?فايتيس

Answer 3

Week 9-> Birth

Question 4

What is gametogenesis?

Answer 4

Germ cell formation
Oogenisis>oocyte
Spermatpgenesis>Spermatozoa

Question 5

Fertilisation?

Answer 5

Fusion of sperm cell and oocyte (اوى سايت) to form zygote

Question 6

When is a zygote formed?

Answer 6

In fertilisation

Question 7

Cleavage(كليفج) definition?

Answer 7

Period of rapid cell division

Question 8

Definition of gastrulation?

Answer 8

Formation of germ layers
Ectoderms
Mesoderms derms
Endoderms

Question 9

Formation definition?

Answer 9

Embryonic folding

Question 10

Organogenesis?

Answer 10

Formation of organs and organ systems

Question 11

Different stages of an embryo?

Answer 11

Gametogenesis
Fertilisation
Cleavage
Gastrulation
Formation
Organogenesis

Question 12

What major processes occur during embryology?

Answer 12

Cell division
Differentiation
Cell attachment
Apoptosis
Induction
Migration

Question 13

How development of embryo is regulated?

Answer 13

Genetic
Epigenetic
Environmental

Question 14

Where does fertilization take place?

Answer 14

Ampulla

Question 15

What does sperm bind to in fertilization?

Answer 15

Zona pellucida glycoprotein

Question 16

What helps sperm digest its way into the egg?

Answer 16

Acrosomal enzymes

Question 17

What does sperm entry into an egg trigger?

Answer 17

Completion of meiosis 2 and release of cortical granules by oocyte

Question 18

What is a zygote?

Answer 18

Sperm and oocyte

Question 19

Explain the process of cleavage?

Answer 19

The zygote undergoes a series of mitotic divisions which leads to many daughter cells called blastomeres

Question 20

When does a zygote become a blastocyst?

Answer 20

When 8 blastomere daughter cells are produced compaction takes place to form blastocyst

Question 21

Where does implantation take place?

Answer 21

Middle or upper uterine wall

Question 22

Where would an ectopic implantation occur?

Answer 22

Ovary, ampulla, uterine tube

Question 23

Ectoderm?

Answer 23

Epidermis of skin
Nervous system

Question 24

Mesoderm?

Answer 24

Subdivided into 3 parts

Question 25

Endoderm?

Answer 25

Lining of gut tube & respiratory tract

Question 26

When is the embryo at most risk of defects?

Answer 26

Weeks 3-8

Question 27

What stage does the heart develop?

Answer 27

Week 4

Question 28

What separates the atria in an adult heart?

Answer 28

Interatrial septum

Question 29

What does incomplete closure of the embryonic foramen ovale in the interatrial septum lead to?

Answer 29

Atrial septal defect (ASD)

Question 30

What separates the left from the right ventricle in the adult heart? What does incomplete closure in this lead to?

Answer 30

The inter-ventricular septum
-Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Question 31

2 abnormalities of adult heart?

Answer 31

Transposition of great vessels
Tetralogy of fallot

Question 32

What is transposition of great vessels?

Answer 32

Adult heart defect
- aorta emerges from right ventricle, and pulmonary trunk from left

Question 33

What is tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 33

Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
VSD
Overriding aorta

Question 34

**The germ layers are formed during which stage?
**

Answer 34

Gastrulation