Puberty and Reproductive Systems Flashcards
Define puberty
Time period when sex organs develop and start producing gametes
Gland that secretes LH and FSH to stimulate testes and ovaries
Hypophysis
Effect of LH and FSH in males
LH - stimulates cells of Leydig to produce testosterone in testes
FSH - stimulates spermatogenesis
Effect of LH and FSH in females
LH - stimulates ovulation in the ovarian cycle
FSH - Stimulates follicles in ovary to mature and produce oestrogen and oogenesis
Structure of the testes
Oval shaped glands suspended in the scrotum
Function of the testes
Produce sperm cells and testosterone
The seminiferous tubules are found…
In the testes
The seminiferous tubules are lined by …… which produce…
germinal epithelium
sperm cells
Function of sertoli cells
Provide nutrients for spermatids to mature into sperm cells
Position and function of the Cells of Leydig
Surround the seminiferous tubules
Produce testosterone
Structure and function of the scrotum
Skin sac holding testes outside the body
Protects testes and keeps them 2*C lower than body temp
Structure and function of the epididymis
Coiled tubule outside the testes
Temporarily stores spermatids until they mature
Structure and function of the vas deferens
Muscular tube going from the epididymis to the urethra
Transports sperm
Structure and function of the seminal vesicles
Two medium sized glands attached to the end of the vas deferens
Produces alkaline fluid to neutralise vaginal acids
Structure and function of the prostate gland
Gland found below the bladder where urethra begins
Produces nutrient-rich fluid which provides energy for sperm and protects from vaginal acids
Cowper’s/Bulbourethral glands structure and function
Small pair of glands below prostate gland
Produce mucus for lubrication and sperm mobility
Structure and function of the urethra
Tube running through penis
Transports urine and semen out of the body
Structure and function of the ovaries
Found in a pair on either side of the uterus and surrounded by germinal epithelium
Produce egg cells and secrete oestrogen and progesterone
Structure and function of the fallopian tubes
Lined with ciliated columnar epithelium
Connect ovaries to uterus
Moves egg cells by sweeping cilia and peristalsis
Site of fertilization
Structure and function of the uterus
Hollow pear-shaped organ
Houses and protects embryo/foetus during pregnancy
Structure and function of the endometrium
Inner lining of the uterus
Site of implantation and where placenta forms
Structure and function of the cervix
Lower, narrow opening of the uterus
Allows sperm to enter uterus
Closes during pregnancy
Stretches and opens during childbirth
Structure and function of the vagina
Muscular tube running from cervix to exterior
Receives penis and sperm
Functions as birth canal and passage for menstrual blood
Structure and function of the vulva
Opening to the vagina
Covered by two vaginal covers - labia
Includes clitoris and urethral opening
Protects entrance to vagina
