Puberty and Reproductive Systems

Question 1

Define puberty

Answer 1

Time period when sex organs develop and start producing gametes

Question 2

Gland that secretes LH and FSH to stimulate testes and ovaries

Answer 2

Hypophysis

Question 3

Effect of LH and FSH in males

Answer 3

LH - stimulates cells of Leydig to produce testosterone in testes
FSH - stimulates spermatogenesis

Question 4

Effect of LH and FSH in females

Answer 4

LH - stimulates ovulation in the ovarian cycle

FSH - Stimulates follicles in ovary to mature and produce oestrogen and oogenesis

Question 5

Structure of the testes

Answer 5

Oval shaped glands suspended in the scrotum

Question 6

Function of the testes

Answer 6

Produce sperm cells and testosterone

Question 7

The seminiferous tubules are found…

Answer 7

In the testes

Question 8

The seminiferous tubules are lined by …… which produce…

Answer 8

germinal epithelium

sperm cells

Question 9

Function of sertoli cells

Answer 9

Provide nutrients for spermatids to mature into sperm cells

Question 10

Position and function of the Cells of Leydig

Answer 10

Surround the seminiferous tubules

Produce testosterone

Question 11

Structure and function of the scrotum

Answer 11

Skin sac holding testes outside the body

Protects testes and keeps them 2*C lower than body temp

Question 12

Structure and function of the epididymis

Answer 12

Coiled tubule outside the testes

Temporarily stores spermatids until they mature

Question 13

Structure and function of the vas deferens

Answer 13

Muscular tube going from the epididymis to the urethra

Transports sperm

Question 14

Structure and function of the seminal vesicles

Answer 14

Two medium sized glands attached to the end of the vas deferens
Produces alkaline fluid to neutralise vaginal acids

Question 15

Structure and function of the prostate gland

Answer 15

Gland found below the bladder where urethra begins

Produces nutrient-rich fluid which provides energy for sperm and protects from vaginal acids

Question 16

Cowper’s/Bulbourethral glands structure and function

Answer 16

Small pair of glands below prostate gland

Produce mucus for lubrication and sperm mobility

Question 17

Structure and function of the urethra

Answer 17

Tube running through penis

Transports urine and semen out of the body

Question 18

Structure and function of the ovaries

Answer 18

Found in a pair on either side of the uterus and surrounded by germinal epithelium
Produce egg cells and secrete oestrogen and progesterone

Question 19

Structure and function of the fallopian tubes

Answer 19

Lined with ciliated columnar epithelium
Connect ovaries to uterus
Moves egg cells by sweeping cilia and peristalsis
Site of fertilization

Question 20

Structure and function of the uterus

Answer 20

Hollow pear-shaped organ

Houses and protects embryo/foetus during pregnancy

Question 21

Structure and function of the endometrium

Answer 21

Inner lining of the uterus

Site of implantation and where placenta forms

Question 22

Structure and function of the cervix

Answer 22

Lower, narrow opening of the uterus
Allows sperm to enter uterus
Closes during pregnancy
Stretches and opens during childbirth

Question 23

Structure and function of the vagina

Answer 23

Muscular tube running from cervix to exterior
Receives penis and sperm
Functions as birth canal and passage for menstrual blood

Question 24

Structure and function of the vulva

Answer 24

Opening to the vagina
Covered by two vaginal covers - labia
Includes clitoris and urethral opening
Protects entrance to vagina