Gametogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

Define gametogenesis

A

Formation of gametes through meiosis

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2
Q

Cells which divide and differentiate into spermatocytes

A

Spermatogonia

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3
Q

What process do spermatocytes undergo to form 4 spermatids?

A

Meiosis

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4
Q

Are spermatids haploid or diploid?

A

Haploid

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5
Q

What do spermatids become once they mature?

A

Sperm cells

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6
Q

The head of the sperm cell contains…

A

The nucleus and acrosome

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7
Q

How many autosomes are contained in a human sperm cell nucleus?

A

22 + 1 sex chromosome

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8
Q

Function of the acrosome

A

Produces enzymes that allow sperm to penetrate the surface of the egg

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9
Q

Three main parts of a sperm cell

A

Head
Mid-peace
Tail

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10
Q

Function of the mid-piece of a sperm cell

A

Full of mitochondria that provide ATP to power the sperm cell

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11
Q

Function of the tail of a sperm cell

A

Long flagellum that moves in a whiplike motion to propel sperm forward in fluid

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12
Q

The cell which become primary oocytes

A

Oogonium

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13
Q

Cells which partially undergo meiosis 1 while female is an embryo

A

Primary oocytes

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14
Q

When will a primary oocyte complete meiosis 1?

A

Only if it going to be released during ovulation

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15
Q

Diploid cells in the ovary undergo mitosis (under influence of FSH) to form…

A

numerous follicles

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16
Q

Which cell inside a follicle enlarges and undergoes meiosis?

A

The primary oocyte

17
Q

What is formed when a primary oocyte completes meiosis 1?

A

A secondary oocyte

18
Q

When will a secondary oocyte complete meiosis 2?

A

Only if a sperm cell fertilises the egg

19
Q

Once a secondary oocyte has completed meiosis 1 it becomes…

20
Q

Differences in meiosis in spermatogenesis and oogenesis

A
Spermatogenesis:
4 sperm cells produced
Oogenesis:
1 ovum produced
Unequal meiotic divisions - polar bodies produced which disintegrate
21
Q

How many autosomes are found in the nucleus of the ovum

A

22 + 1 X-chromosome

22
Q

Function of the cytoplasm/yolk of the ovum

A

Reserve of nutrients for initial stages of zygote development

23
Q

Membrane which contains the cytoplasm in the ovum

A

Plasma membrane

24
Q

Second membrane surrounding the ovum

A

Yolk/vitelline membrane

25
Function of the yolk membrane
Becomes impenetrable after fertilisation
26
The jelly layer surrounding the yolk membrane
Zona pellucida
27
Function of the zona pellucida
Protects ovum/early zygote
28
Outermost layer of the ovum
Corona radiata
29
Structure and function of the corona radiata
Consists of follicle cells that originally surrounded the secondary oocyte dissolved by acrosome enzymes