Fertilization

Question 1

Copulation

Answer 1

Erect penis is placed inside the vagina

Question 2

Sperm surround the ……. and attach to it

Answer 2

secondary oocyte

Question 3

Acrosome releases ……. to digest corona radiata of the ovum

Answer 3

lytic enzyme

Question 4

The ……… of the sperm is discarded when the head penetrates the membrane

Answer 4

midsection and tail

Question 5

What fuses to form a new diploid nucleus during fertilization?

Answer 5

The haploid sperm nucleus and haploid ovum nucleus

Question 6

Zygote passes through the …… by …… movements and …….

Answer 6

fallopian tubes
peristaltic
beating cilia of tubes’ mucous membrane

Question 7

The zygote grows by…

Answer 7

mitosis

Question 8

The zygote grows to become a …….. which continues to grow to become a ….

Answer 8

morula

blastocyst

Question 9

Key characteristics of the blastocyst

Answer 9

Ball of cells surrounding a fluid-filled cavity

Internal mass of cells gives rise to the embryo

Question 10

After how many days does the blastocyst implant into the endometrium?

Answer 10

2-5

Question 11

Which cells secrete enzymes to break down endometrial epithelium?

Answer 11

Trophoblast cells

Question 12

The trophoblast develop ……….. that grow into the endometrium eventually forming ……..

Answer 12

finger like villi

the placenta

Question 13

Hormone secreted by the placenta to maintain the endometrium

Answer 13

Progesterone

Question 14

What forms the extra-embryonic membranes?

Answer 14

The trophoblast

Question 15

What is the placenta made of?

Answer 15

Chorionic villi from the chorion and endometrium (maternal tissue)

Question 16

Function of the placenta

Answer 16

Provide nutrients, excretion and gaseous exchange
Micro-filter prevents pathogens but allows antigens
Secretes oestrogen and progesterone after 12 weeks to maintain pregnancy

Question 17

Structure and function of the umbilical cord

Answer 17

Forms from the allantois and connects foetus to the placenta

Contains two arteries and one vein

Question 18

Structure and function of the amnion

Answer 18

Tough membrane lining the chorion and enclosing the amniotic cavity
Contains amniotic fluid which contains waste and allows foetus to move around, stay protected and hydrated and regulates temperature

Question 19

Week 1

embryonic stages

Answer 19

Zygote to blastocyst

Question 20

Week 2

embryonic stages

Answer 20

Implantation and placenta starts developing

Question 21

Week 3

embryonic stages

Answer 21

Vascular system develops, amniotic membrane and fluid surrounds embryo

Question 22

Week 4

embryonic stages

Answer 22

Heart starts beating, spinal cord and brain form, digestive canal starts to form

Question 23

Weeks 5-7

embryonic stages

Answer 23

Bud-like limbs form, muscles start to develop, heart chambers form