Endocrine System and Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What is an endocrine gland?

A

Ductless gland that releases secretions/hormones directly into the bloodstream

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2
Q

What is an exocrine gland?

A

Glands that release secretions via a duct to a body cavity or the outside

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3
Q

What is a hormone?

A

Organic chemical messengers

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4
Q

Location of the hypothalamus

A

The base of the brain

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5
Q

Location of the pituitary glands (hypophysis)

A

Just below the hypothalamus

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6
Q

Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary gland

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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7
Q

Function of antidiuretic hormone

A

Promote reabsorption of water (in the renal tubules of the kidney)

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8
Q

Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

A
Growth hormone (GH)
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Prolactin
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9
Q

Function of growth hormone

A

Promotes growth

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10
Q

Function of thyroid stimulating hormone

A

Stimulates thyroxin secretion in the thyroid

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11
Q

Function of follicle stimulating hormone

A

Stimulates follicle development (female ovary) and germinal epithelium (male testes)

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12
Q

Function of luteinizing hormone

A

Stimulates ovulation and testosterone production

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13
Q

Function of prolactin

A

Stimulates milk production (female mammary glands)

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14
Q

Location of the thyroid gland

A

Two lobes on either side of the trachea below the larynx

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15
Q

Hormone secreted by the thyroid

A

Thyroxine

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16
Q

Function of thyroxine

A

Increases basal metabolic rate, breathing and heart rate

17
Q

Location of the Islets of Langerhans

18
Q

Hormones secreted by the Islets of Langerhans

A

Insulin and glucagon

19
Q

Function of insulin

A

Decreases blood glucose levels (liver and muscle cells)

20
Q

Function of glucagon

A

Increases blood glucose levels (liver cells)

21
Q

Location of the adrenal glands

A

On top of each kidney, outer cortex and inner medulla of gland

22
Q

Hormones secreted by the adrenal glands

A

Adrenaline and aldosterone

23
Q

Function of adrenaline

A

Prepares body for action

24
Q

Function of aldosterone

A

Increases reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions and facilitates potassium transport (kidneys)

25
Location of the ovaries
In the abdomen of the female body on either side of the uterus
26
Hormones secreted by the ovaries
Oestrogen and progesterone
27
Function of oestrogen
Causes secondary sexual characteristics, development of sex organs, prepares uterus for implantation and inhibits FSH
28
Function of progesterone
Thickens endometrium of uterus to maintain pregnancy and suppresses release of FSH and LH (uterus)
29
Location of the testes
Suspended outside male body in the scrotum
30
Hormone secreted by testes
Testosterone
31
Function of testosterone
Secondary male sexual characteristics, development of sex organs and maturation of sperm
32
What is negative feedback?
General mechanism for restoring an imbalance | Normal level is detected and corrective action is switched off