Plant Responses Flashcards

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1
Q

Three groups of plant hormones

A

Auxins
Gibberellins
Abscisic acid

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2
Q

What type of tissues do auxins target?

A

Meristem tissues in roots, stems and leaves

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3
Q

Where are auxins produced?

A

Growing tips of stems and roots and in apical buds

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4
Q

What are the functions of auxins?

A
Cause tropisms in stems and roots
Stimulate root growth in cuttings
Promote fruit development
Controls abscission
Ensures apical dominance
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5
Q

What is abscission?

A

Natural detachment of parts of a plant (e.g. autumn leaves, ripe fruit)

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6
Q

What is apical dominance?

A

When only the apical bud (very tip) of a branch grows, lateral buds lie dormant as long as the apical bud is present and start to grow when apical bud is removed

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7
Q

Where are gibberellins produced?

A

Mainly in the terminal buds of stems and roots

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8
Q

What are the functions of gibberellins?

A
Stimulate stem elongation
Promote root growth
Promotes flowering
Promotes lateral bud growth
Stimulates germination of seeds
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9
Q

Abscisic acid is a growth _____ that _______ auxins

A

inhibitor; counteracts

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10
Q

Where is abscisic acid produced?

A

Leaves, stems and unripe fruit

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11
Q

_____ ____ helps plants deal with stressful conditions

A

Abscisic acid

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12
Q

What are the functions of abscisic acids?

A

Causes dormancy of buds in winter
Inhibits germination promoting seed dormancy
Promotes abscission of leaves
Causes stomata to close when a plant wilts

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13
Q

How are plant hormones used in weed control?

A

High levels of auxins are sprayed to increase weed growth to the extent that weeds weaken and die

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14
Q

What is tropism?

A

Growth response to a stimulus caused by auxins

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15
Q

What is the difference between positive and negative tropisms?

A

Positive tropisms - growth towards a stimulus

Negative tropisms - growth away from a stimulus

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16
Q

Tropisms occur due to _____ distribution of the ____ in the stem or root

A

unequal; auxins

17
Q

How do auxin concentrations function differently in stem and root meristematic tissue?

A

High concentration of auxins:
Promotes rapid cell division and elongation in stem meristematic tissue
Inhibits cell division and elongation

18
Q

What is photoprotism?

A

Growth movement in response to light

19
Q

Stems and leaves are ______ phototrophic

Roots are ______ phototrophic

A

positively; negatively

20
Q

What is geotropism/gravitropism?

A

Growth movement in response to gravity

21
Q

Stems and leaves are ______ geotropic

Roots are ______ geotropic

A

negatively; positively

22
Q

Two main methods of defence in plants

A

Mechanical and chemical defense

23
Q

Four methods of mechanical defence

A

Waxy cuticle
Thick bark
Multiple layers
Thorn and spines