Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproductive System > Puberty And Menopause > Flashcards

Puberty And Menopause Flashcards

1
Q

Define thelarche

A

Development of breasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define pubarche

A

Development of pubic and axillary hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define menarche

A

First menstrual period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define adrenarche

A

Onset of an increase in the secretion of androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define puberty

A

Stage of development when sexual maturation and growth are complete and result in the ability to reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the events of puberty?

A

Accelerate somatic growth
Maturation of primary sexual characteristics
Appearance of secondary sexual characteristics
Menstruation/spermatogenesis begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the difference in the growth spurt between the sexes?

A 
Females = starts earlier but is shorter
Males = starts later but is longer and faster
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What marks the end of growth spurt?

A

Closure of epiphyseal growth plates in bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the critical weight that it is unlikely puberty will start before?

A

47 kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe what happens to the HPG axis in puberty

A

Gradual activation of GnRH
Increased frequency and amplitude of LH pulses
Gonadtropins stimulate sex steroid secretion
Extragonadal hormone changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which area in brain signals puberty?

A

Arcuate area

Releases kiss peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give some effects of increased GH secretion

A 
Increases TSH 
Increases metabolic rate 
Promotes tissue growth 
Increases androgens 
Growth spurt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the first phenotypic changes in males and females?

A 
Breast development (females)
Testicular enlargement (males)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

At what age in males does LH and FSH start to rise?

A

~10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the approximate age range of puberty in girls?

A

9 - 13 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the approximate age range of puberty in boys?

A

10 - 14 years

17
Q

What is the average age of start of puberty in boys and girls?

A 
Boys = 12.5
Girls = 11.5
18
Q

What is the average duration of puberty in boys and girls?

A 
Boys = 3.2 years
Girls = 2.4 years
19
Q

What is precocious puberty?

A

Occurring younger, more common occurrence in girls
Girls < 8 years
Boys < 9 years
Majority have unknown cause

20
Q

Give some known causes of precocious puberty

A

Gonadotropin dependent: Hormone secreting tumours, CNS trauma, congenital disorders
Gonadotropin independent: pineal tumours, meningitis, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, testotoxicosis

21
Q

What is delayed puberty?

A

Initial physical changes are not present by age 13 in girls or age 14 in boys

22
Q

Give some causes of delayed puberty

A

Gonadal failure - Turner’s, post-chemo, autoimmune

Gonadal insufficiency - congenital, hypothalamic/pituitary lesions

23
Q

Describe Turner syndrome

A

Karyotype 45, X
Short stature, gonadal dysgenesis, skeletal abnormalities, cardiac and kidney malformation
No mental defect
Give growth hormone and sex hormone substitutions

24
Q

What are the 7 common problems with menopause?

A 
Itchy 
Twitch 
Sweaty 
Sleepy 
Bloated 
Moody 
Forgetful
25
Q

Describe pre-menopause

A

Typically from age 40 years
Follicular phase shortens
Ovulation is early or absent - less oestrogen, more LH and FSH
Reduced fertility

26
Q

Describe menopause

A 
Cessation of menstrual cycle 
Absent for 12 months = into menopause 
Average age 49-50 years 
No more follicles to develop - oestrogen levels fall dramatically 
FSH and LH rise 
No inhibin
27
Q

What are the effects of menopause?

A

Hot flushes - vascular changes - often at night
Transient rises in skin temp and flushing
Relieved by oestrogen treatment

28
Q

What are the effects of menopause on bone?

A

Bone mass reduces by 2.5% per year
Reduced oestrogen - enhanced osteoclasts therefore more bone resorption
Type 1 osteoporosis

29
Q

How does hormone replacement therapy work?

A

Relives Sx of menopause and can improve well being
Orally or topically
Give slowly decreasing doses
Can limit osteoporosis

Reproductive System (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions