Male Reproductive Tract

Question 1

What is the cutaneous sac of the scrotum derived from?

Answer 1

Labioscrotal folds

Question 2

What is the contents of the cutaneous sac of testicle?

Answer 2

Testis
Epididymis
Spermatic cord (first part)

Question 3

What is the arterial supply of the testes?

Answer 3

Testicular arteries (direct branches of abdominal aorta)

Question 4

Where does the R testicular vein drain?

Answer 4

IVC

Question 5

Where does the L testicular vein drain?

Answer 5

Left renal vein

Question 6

List the contents of the spermatic cord

Answer 6

Testicular artery 
Cremasteric artery 
Artery to vas 
Pampiniform plexus 
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve 
Vas deferens 
Lymphatics
Processus vaginalis

Question 7

Why do the testes have a pampiniform plexus?

Answer 7

The ensure optimum temperature for gametogenesis - cools the arterial blood

Question 8

What mechanism ensures the testicles are cool enough for gametogenesis?

Answer 8

Pampiniform plexus

Hang outside the abdomen

Question 9

External spermatic fascia is derived from…

Answer 9

Aponeurosis of external oblique

Question 10

Cremasteric muscle and fascia is derived from …

Answer 10

Internal oblique

Transversalis

Question 11

Internal spermatic fascia derived from …

Answer 11

Transversalis fascia

Question 12

Define hydrocoele

Answer 12

Serous fluid in tunica vaginalis

Question 13

Define haematocoele

Answer 13

Blood in tunica vaginalis - usually from trauma

Question 14

Define varicocoele

Answer 14

Varicosities in pampiniform plexus - dilations

Question 15

Define spermatocoele

Answer 15

Products of testis accumulating a.k.a epididymal cyst

Question 16

Why do we use transillumination?

Answer 16

Tells the difference between different pathologies of testis
Light shines through - fluid filled
Doesn’t shine through - solid

Question 17

What is the different between direct and indirect inguinal hernias?

Answer 17

Direct = through wall
Indirect = through inguinal canal

Question 18

How can hernias descend into the scrotum?

Answer 18

Reopening of the processus vaginalis creates a route for hernias in the scrotum

Question 19

Where does testicular torsion usually occur?

Answer 19

Just above the upper pole of the testicle

Question 20

Why is testicular torsion a surgical emergency?

Answer 20

Compression of the testicular artery can lead to necrosis of the testis
Needs managing quickly
And causes intense pain

Question 21

What innervates the anterior testicle?

Answer 21

Lumbar plexus

Question 22

What innervates the posterior and inferior testicle?

Answer 22

Sacral plexus

Question 23

Where does the testis lymph drain?

Answer 23

Para-aortic nodes

Question 24

Where does scrotal lymph drain?

Answer 24

Superficial inguinal nodes

Question 25

Describe the course of the vas deferens

Answer 25

``` Ascends in spermatic cord Traverses inguinal canal Tracks around pelvic side wall Passes between bladder and ureter Forms dilated ampulla -> seminal vesicles Opens into ejaculatory duct ```

Question 26

Where are the seminal vesicles?

Answer 26

Lie between the bladder and the rectum

Question 27

What is the name for the point of combination of SV duct and vas?

Answer 27

Ejaculatory duct

Question 28

What are the zones of the prostate?

Answer 28

Central Peripheral Transitional

Question 29

Which zone of prostate is cancer more common in?

Answer 29

Peripheral

Question 30

Which zone is BPH more common in?

Answer 30

Transitional

Question 31

Which nodes will prostate cancer met to?

Answer 31

Internal iliac | Sacral

Question 32

Where would prostate cancer spread via blood?

Answer 32

Internal vertebral plexus -> bone or brain

Question 33

What are the 3 parts to a penis?

Answer 33

Root Body Glans

Question 34

Describe the basic internal structure of a penis

Answer 34

Pair of corpora cavernosa dorsally | Single corpus spongiosum ventrally

Question 35

What is the blood supply to the penis?

Answer 35

Branches of the internal pudendal arteries | Which branches off internal iliac

Question 36

What is the role of bulbospongiosus?

Answer 36

Helps expel last drops of urine | Helps maintain an erection

Question 37

What is the role of ischiocavernosus?

Answer 37

Compresses veins - helps maintain an erection

Question 38

What are the 4 parts of the male urethra?

Answer 38

Pre-prostatic Prostatic Membranous Spongy

Question 39

Which part of the male urethra pierces the perineum?

Answer 39

Membranous

Question 40

Which is the least distensible part of the male urethra and why?

Answer 40

Membranous Because perineum is thick and rigid (Bear in mind for catheters)

Question 41

90-95% testicular neoplasms are which type?

Answer 41

Germ cell tumours