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Reproductive System > Development of Tracts > Flashcards

Development of Tracts Flashcards

1
Q

What are gonadotropins?

A

Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland which control development and secretory functions of ovaries and testes

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2
Q

What does sexual dimorphism mean?

A

There are 2 different shapes possible

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3
Q

What are the secondary sexual characteristics of men?

A

Facial hair
Male pattern baldness
Pubic hair
Increased body size

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4
Q

What are the secondary sexual characteristics of women?

A

Subcutaneous fat distribution
Breasts
Pubic hair

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5
Q

What is the urogenital ridge?

A

Region of intermediate mesoderm giving rise to both the embryonic kidney and the gonad

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6
Q

Gonads are derived from …

A

Intermediate mesoderm and primordial germ cells

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7
Q

What are primordial germ cells?

A

Special population
Arise in yolk sac and migrate into the retroperitoneum - along the dorsal mesentery
(Risk that PGCs may get lost - ectopic sites)

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8
Q

Which gene determines whether development is male of female?

A

SRY gene on the Y chromosome
Present = male
Absent = female

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9
Q

Describe development of gonad in male

A

Medullary cord develop
No cortical cords
Thick tunica albuginea - encloses gonad tightly

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10
Q

Describe development of gonad in women

A

Cortical cords develop
Medullary cords degenerate
No tunica albuginea (oocytes need to be able to burst out)

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11
Q

Which ducts develop in early embryo?

A

Mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts in both male and female (to start with)

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12
Q

Where do the ducts end in the embryo?

A

Both mesonephric and PMDs end at cloaca

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13
Q

What is another name for mesonephric ducts?

A

Wolffian ducts

Part of embryonic kidney

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14
Q

What happens to the mesonephric ducts in males and females?

A

Males: mesonephric ducts maintained
Females: as UGS expands that mesonephric ducts regress

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15
Q

What is another name for the paramesonephric ducts?

A

Müllerian ducts

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16
Q

Where do the PMDs open cranially and caudally?

A 
Caudal = contact with cloaca
Cranial = opens into abdominal cavity
17
Q

What do PMDs differentiate into?

A

Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Cervix
Part of vagina

18
Q

Which tissue does the vagina derive from?

A

Endoderm of UGS

Mesoderm of PM duct

19
Q

What happens to the ducts in a male?

A

Testis develops - androgen secretion supports mesonephric ducts
Testis secretes Mullerian Inhibiting Substance which causes the PMD to degenerate

20
Q

What happens to the ducts in a female?

A

No androgen therefore mesonephric duct degenerates

No testis derived MIS therefore PMD develops

21
Q

What are the 3 basic components of indifferent external genitalia?

A

Genital tubercle
Genital folds
Genital swellings

22
Q

Describe the development of the external genitalia in a male

A

Genital tubercle elongates
Genital folds fuse to form spongy urethra
Influence of androgens (components must have the correct receptors for the androgens)

23
Q

Describe development of external genitalia in women

A

No fusion occurs
Urethra opens into vestibule
No elongation of GT

24
Q

Describe the descent of the testes

A

Retroperitoneal
Testes attached by caudal genital ligament and gubernaculum to scrotal folds
Processus vaginalis pushes through anterolateral abdo wall into scrotal swelling - testis follows it, tethered by gubernaculum (through inguinal canal)
PV obliterated

25
Q

Describe the descent of the ovaries

A

Gubernaculum attaches ovary to labio-scrotal folds
Ovary descends into pelvic
Round lig of uterus in inguinal canal

26
Q

When does gonadal differentiation begin?

A

6-7 weeks

27
Q

Approximately when do germ cells appear in the genital ridge?

A

6th week

28
Q

What happens if the primordial germ cells don’t reach the gonads?

A

The gonads do not develop

29
Q

What happens to the testis cords in puberty?

A

Before puberty they are solid - in puberty they acquire a lumen thus forming the seminiferous tubules

Reproductive System (17 decks)

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