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Reproductive System > HPG Axis > Flashcards

HPG Axis Flashcards

1
Q

What does HPG stand for?

A

Hypothalamic pituitary gonadal

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2
Q

What hormones released from the hypothalamus act on the anterior pituitary?

A 
CRH
TRH
GHRH
Somatostatin 
GnRH
PRH
Dopamine
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3
Q

Which hormones are released from the anterior pituitary?

A 
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
GH
Prolactin
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4
Q

What is the action of somatostatin?

A

Inhibits GH release

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5
Q

What is the action of dopamine?

A

Inhibits prolactin secretion

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6
Q

What are the alternative names for the anterior pituitary?

A

Pars distalis

Adrenohypophysis

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7
Q

What are the alternative names for the posterior pituitary?

A

Pars nervosa

Neurohypophysis

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8
Q

What connects the anterior pituitary to the hypothalamus?

A

Superior hypophyseal artery

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9
Q

What type of molecule is GnRH?

A

Peptide

10 amino acids in length - small

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10
Q

How often is GnRH released?

A

Every 1 - 3 hours, pulsatile

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11
Q

GnRH stimulates the release of …

A

FSH and LH

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12
Q

Which cells in the AP release FSH and LH?

A

Gonadotrophs

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13
Q

In the male, which cells do FSH and LH act on?

A

FSH - Sertoli cells

LH - Leydig cells

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14
Q

What happens when Sertoli cells are stimulated?

A 
Spermatogenesis occurs (testosterone from Leydig cells needed) 
Inhibin released - negative feedback on hypothalamus and AP
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15
Q

What happens when Leydig cells are stimulated?

A

Testosterone released
Some kept locally to help with spermatogenesis
Negative feedback on AP and hypothalamus

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16
Q

What is the role of inhibin?

A

Inhibin released when spermatogenesis increases

Selectively inhibits FSH release to reduce spermatogenesis

17
Q

What is the role of androgen binding hormone?

A

Binds some testosterone to keep within the tubules

18
Q

When are testosterone levels the highest?

A

Early morning

19
Q

In the female, which cells do FSH and LH act upon?

A

Theca cells - LH

Granulosa cells - FSH and LH

20
Q

Moderate amounts of oestrogen have what effect?

A

Negative feedback on AP and hypothalamus

21
Q

What happens when we have high concs of oestrogen in the absence of progesterone?

A

Positive feedback
Increased GnRH secretion
LH surge (for ovulation)

22
Q

Describe the hormone levels during menses

A

Moderate oestrogen

LH and FSH kept low

23
Q

How do oestrogen and progesterone differ in decreased GnRH?

A

Oestrogen reduce amount per pulse

Progesterone decreases frequency of pulses

Reproductive System (17 decks)

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