Puberty Flashcards
What are the important sex hormones in females?
Oestradiol
Progesterone
Adrenal androgen precursors
What are the important sex hormones in males?
Testosterone
DHT
Adrenal androgens
Oestradiol
What is gonadarche?
Activation of gonads by FSH and LH
What is thelarche?
Appearance of breast tissue
What causes pubarche?
Androgens
What is ‘mini-puberty’ of infancy?
Activation of HPG axis during neonatal period
What are the Tanner stages?
Standards for rating pubertal changes
How is precocious puberty defined?
Boys - before age 9
Girls - before age 8
What is the first sign of puberty for boys?
Testes enlargement
What is the first sign of puberty for girls?
Breast budding
Which sex is delayed puberty more common in?
Boys
vv for early in girls
What is true central precocious puberty? (TCPP)
Right order of pubertal events but happening early
Gonadotropin dependent
What is peripheral precocity?
Wrong order of puberty
Gonadotropin independent
What is McCune Albright syndrome?
Triad of symptoms:
- Peripheral precocious puberty
- Irregular cafe au lait spots
- Fibrous dysplasia of bone
How is early puberty treated?
if true puberty - blocked with DNRH agonists
if gonadotrophin independent, anti-androgens
What is another name for secondary gondal failure?
Hypog hypog
What is primary gonadal failure?
Hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism (too much FSH and LH)
What is constitutional delay of growth and puberty?
Aetiology is unknown
Growth slows down to below 3rd centile
What is Bowlby’s theory of attachment?
That attachment is a biological system designed to help infant cope with threat
What are the two types of non-secure attachment?
Avoidant
Resistant
Which type of non-secure attachment leads to higher rates of psychological disorders later in life?
Resistant
What is reactive attachment disorder?
Lack of attachment behaviours due to maltreatment
What is disinhibited social engagement disorder?
Lack of inhibition
Less of a link to maltreatment (more neurodevelopmental)
Why do tantrums (terrible 2s) occur in infants?
Cognitive leap and explosion of imagination
Is risk taking behaviour in adolescents on the increase or decrease?
Decrease
