Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Development > Normal birth > Flashcards

Normal birth Flashcards

1
Q

Which weeks gestation are considered as ‘normal’ for birth?

A

37-42 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What three main things occur during the passive first stage of labour?

A

Irregular contractions
Rupture of membranes/some cervical change (effacement/dilatation)
Bloody mucus show

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which stage of labour involves regular painful contractions and progressive cervical dilatation from 4cm?

A

Active first stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How much cervical dilation should occur per hour in the active first stage?

A

0.5cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which non-pharmacological pain relief methods can be used in labour?

A

Breathing and relaxation
Massage
Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 2 main pharmacological pain relief methods in labour?

A

Entonox (nitrous oxide, ‘gas and air’)

Opiods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the regional pain relief used in labour?

A

Epidural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which stage of labour does the head become visible?

A

Active second stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which stage of labour does the cervix become fully dilated?

A

Passive second stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

For a first time mother, how long of active second stage labour is the cut of for a diagnosis of delay?

A

2 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which uterotonic drug is given to manage the third stage of labour?

A

Oxytocin

To prevent PPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name 4 serious postpartum complications

A

PPH
Infection
VTE
Pre-eclampsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the average length of the first stage of labour in a first time mum?

A

8 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 main causes of a delayed labour?

A

3 Ps
power (contractions)
pathway (pelvis)
passenger (baby)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some mechanisms that may account for labour starting?

A

Increased maternal/fetal cortisol
Fetal lung maturation
Decrease in progesterone and increased oestrogen and oxytocin and prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of the mucus plug coming away at the start of labour?

A

Deters microbes

17
Q

Which segment of the uterus is active (upper or lower)?

A

Upper is active

18
Q

Which ion is the key regulator for contractions to occur?

A

Calcium

19
Q

Apart from ions, what is the key to the strength and frequency of contractions?

A

Hormones

20
Q

Which hormones are essential for the progression of labour?

A 
Prostaglandins
Corticotropin releasing hormone
Estrogens
Progesterone
Endorphins
Adrenaline
Oxytocin
21
Q

How does positive feedback help during labour?

A

Baby pushes against cervix, causing it to stretch
This causes reflex to brain which stimulates oxytocin release
Oxytocin makes uterus contract more

22
Q

How does oxytocin have an effect on uterine contractions?

A

Increases contractions
because oxytocin stimulates the release of prostaglandins (these stimulate contraction of the uterus)
Can also directly induce contraction by activating calcium channels

23
Q

Which hormone is used artificially to speed up labour?

A

Oxytocin

24
Q

What causes the pain of labour?

A

Distension of the cervix
Reduced oxygen and blood supply during uterine contractions
Ischaemia from tissue damage (stretching/tearing) in the pelvis and perineum

25
Q

What must happen for the head to pass through the pelvis most easily?

A

Head must ROTATE

26
Q

Why are vertical positions in labour helpful?

A

May benefit from gravity

27
Q

What is good about lateral positions in labour?

A

Positively affects maternal and fetal circulation

28
Q

What does most of the ‘waters’ contain at term?

A

Fetal urine

29
Q

What colour of the ‘waters’ is concerning?

A 
Either green (meconium)
Fresh red (haemorrhage)
30
Q

What is a normal fetal heart rate?

A

100-160 bpm

31
Q

What effect does each contraction have on the fetus?

A

Can cause head/cord compression and less placental perfusion

Causes a mild hypoxic event

32
Q

What methods are there to assess the fetal heart?

A
  1. Pinard
  2. Hand held doppler
  3. CTG (for high risk)
33
Q

What percentage of women having a vaginal birth will have some degree of perineal trauma?

A

85%

Human Development (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions