PTSD Flashcards
_______ of fear is one of the main symptoms of PTSD
Overgeneralization
What is trauma?
The personal experience of a severely distressing or disturbing event
When symptoms from trauma, such as intrusive thoughts and difficulty going about daily activities, persist longer than _______ it is considered PTSD
One Month
What is PTSD?
A psychiatric disorder where learned fear, due to a traumatic event, becomes generalized to situations that normally would be considered safe
PTSD results in autonomic __________ in inappropriate situations
Hyperarousal
What is the lifetime prevalence of PTSD in Canada?
9.2%
What conditions are highly comorbid with PTSD?
Anxiety Disorders
Depression
Substance Use Disorders
What are the three main signs of PTSD?
Recurring and frightening memories
Avoidance of potential triggers
A heightened state of arousal
DSM-5 Criteria A: The person was exposed to a ________ ________
Traumatic Event
DSM-5 Criteria B: ______ ______ of the traumatic event
Persistent Re-Experiencing
DSM-5 Criteria C: ______ _______ of trauma related thoughts or feelings and reminders
Continual Avoidance
DSM-5 Criteria D: ______ mood and _______ cognition
Negative
Disrupted
DSM-5 Criteria E: ______ and ______ that appeared after or were exacerbated by the trauma
Arousal
Reactivity
DSM-5 Criteria F: Symptoms persist for more than ________
One Month
DSM-5 Criteria G: Symptoms cause ______ and _____ impairment or distress
Social
Occupational
DSM-5 Criteria H: Not due to ______, substance use, or ________
Medication
Illness
What are some way a person could be exposed to a traumatic event?
Directly involved
Witness
Close friend/relative
Exposure to details
What are some ways someone could re-experience a traumatic event?
Thoughts and memories Nightmares Flashbacks Emotional distress Physical reactivity to reminders
Does everyone who experiences a traumatic event develop PTSD?
No.
Which sex is affected twice as often?
Women
Is there a genetic component to PTSD?
Yes - monozygotic twins show a higher concordance rate than dizygotic twins
PTSD patients show increased responsiveness to trauma and emotional stimuli in the ______ and ________
Hippocampus
Amygdala
PTSD patients show decreased volume and responsiveness to fearful and emotional stimuli in the _________
PFC
What is Long Term Potentiation (LTP)?
Process by which synapses are strengthened in two or more neurons that fire simultaneously, making them more likely to fire together in the future
LTP: Neurons that _____ together _____ together
Wire
Fire
In traumatic situations you want to act fast so the brain bypasses the _____ lobe and responds via the ______ and _____
Frontal
Amygdala
Thalamus
LTP plays an important role in pairing _________ memory and ________ memory
Emotional - Amygdala
Declarative - Hippocampus
What is hypervigilance
An enhances state of sensitivity to your surroundings
PTSD represents an inability to extinguish _________ fear responses leaving the individual unable to distinguish between _____ and safety
Conditioned
Danger
What is Pattern Separation and where does it occur?
The recording of events such that we can distinguish separate, yet similar, events.
Dentate Gyrus
What is Patter Completion and where does it occur?
The ability to recall and complete a memory based on a limited set of sensory inputs
CA3
New neurons play a part in ______ and ________ among memories that are related but distinct
Encoding
Distinguishing
It is suggested that pattern separation is associated with a specific and selective pattern of ________ activation in the ___________
Neuronal
Hippocampus
