Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

Cognitive exercise, higher levels of education, and certain occupations which require mental acuity are all associated with . . .

A

Delayed loss of cognition in normal aging and a decreased risk of dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Physical exercise can have a significant positive impact on _______ health

A

Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Any bodily activity that maintains or improves physical fitness, health and wellness

A

Exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are ways you can measure physical fitness, health, and wellness?

A
Balance
Bone density
Strength
Endurance
Lipid Profiles
Blood Pressure
Cardiovascular Health
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a result of the fact that only about 15% of adults manage the minimum required physical activity per week and 59% of Canadian adults are overweight?

A

Raising rates of type 2 Diabetes, Heart and Circulatory disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a result of the lack of children getting enough exercise?

A

Earlier onset of chronic diseases of obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Performance on standardized tests for ______ and _____ are particularly correlated with aerobic fitness

A

Math

Reading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which brain region are involved in Mathematics?

A

PFC

IntraParietal Sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which brain region are involved in Reading?

A

PFC

Posterior Cingulate Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which brain region is activated when you do Aerobic Exercise?

A

Network connecting frontal lobe and parietal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

______ performance and _____ ability in youth have been positively correlated with health and fitness

A

Cognitive

Academic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the main problem with research related to mental ability and physical fitness?

A

There are only a few studies that have used true experimental designs - most of our data is from historical reporting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What cognitive functions in adult showed the most improvement from exercise?

A

Executive functioning

Working memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which area of the adult brain shows decreased activation as a result of aerobic exercise?

A

Anterior Cingulate Cortex (emotional response)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which area of the adult brain shows increased activation as a result of aerobic exercise?

A

PFC and Parietal Cortex (executive function and control over limbic system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Exercise increases ____-_____ control by the PFC over emotional centres

17
Q

Exercise naturally releases ______ which is associated with improved mood

A

Endorphins

18
Q

Exercise has been reported to have positive effects on _____ symptoms: its effects are equal to ______ therapy.

A

Depressive

Cognitive

19
Q

Overly high levels of exercise and overtraining are associated with chronic activation of the ______ axis: This can contribute to higher rates of mood and _____ disorders in Athletes

A

HPA

Anxiety

20
Q

Athletes often exist in a state of ______ which is associated with neurobiological changes including metabolic disruption affecting levels of _________

A

Fatigue

Neurotransmitters

21
Q

What are three ways exercise is good for the brain?

A

Cardiovascular
Enhanced Neurotransmission
Enhanced Neuroplasticity

22
Q

What benefit of exercise increases metabolism, oxygenation, and blood flow in the brain?

A

Cardiovascular Benefits

23
Q

What benefit of exercise increases neurotransmitter production in the brain (serotonin, dopamine, GABA, glutamate, and norepinephrine)

A

Improved Neurotransmission

24
Q

What benefit of exercise increases hippocampal volume, neurogenesis, and dendritic density?

A

Enhanced Neuroplasticity

25
What are two growth factors positively effected by exercise?
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) - Vascular growth Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) - Neurogenesis and axonal growth
26
What is neurogenesis?
Production of new neurons
27
What are the functions of new cells in the hippocampal formation?
Improved learning and memory Reduced anxiety and depression Increased resistance to stress (resilience)
28
Define: BDNF
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: | Acts on the CNS and PNS to decrease neural death and promote neurogenesis and growth of axons
29
Define: Working Memory
Part of short-term memory | Holds items/numbers in mind and manipulates them (e.g. doing math or interpreting speech)