Exercise

Question 1

Cognitive exercise, higher levels of education, and certain occupations which require mental acuity are all associated with . . .

Answer 1

Delayed loss of cognition in normal aging and a decreased risk of dementia

Question 2

Physical exercise can have a significant positive impact on _______ health

Answer 2

Brain

Question 3

Any bodily activity that maintains or improves physical fitness, health and wellness

Answer 3

Exercise

Question 4

What are ways you can measure physical fitness, health, and wellness?

Answer 4

Balance
Bone density
Strength
Endurance
Lipid Profiles
Blood Pressure
Cardiovascular Health

Question 5

What is a result of the fact that only about 15% of adults manage the minimum required physical activity per week and 59% of Canadian adults are overweight?

Answer 5

Raising rates of type 2 Diabetes, Heart and Circulatory disease

Question 6

What is a result of the lack of children getting enough exercise?

Answer 6

Earlier onset of chronic diseases of obesity

Question 7

Performance on standardized tests for ______ and _____ are particularly correlated with aerobic fitness

Answer 7

Math

Reading

Question 8

Which brain region are involved in Mathematics?

Answer 8

PFC

IntraParietal Sulcus

Question 9

Which brain region are involved in Reading?

Answer 9

PFC

Posterior Cingulate Cortex

Question 10

Which brain region is activated when you do Aerobic Exercise?

Answer 10

Network connecting frontal lobe and parietal lobe

Question 11

______ performance and _____ ability in youth have been positively correlated with health and fitness

Answer 11

Cognitive

Academic

Question 12

What is the main problem with research related to mental ability and physical fitness?

Answer 12

There are only a few studies that have used true experimental designs - most of our data is from historical reporting

Question 13

What cognitive functions in adult showed the most improvement from exercise?

Answer 13

Executive functioning

Working memory

Question 14

Which area of the adult brain shows decreased activation as a result of aerobic exercise?

Answer 14

Anterior Cingulate Cortex (emotional response)

Question 15

Which area of the adult brain shows increased activation as a result of aerobic exercise?

Answer 15

PFC and Parietal Cortex (executive function and control over limbic system)

Question 16

Exercise increases ____-_____ control by the PFC over emotional centres

Answer 16

Top-Down

Question 17

Exercise naturally releases ______ which is associated with improved mood

Answer 17

Endorphins

Question 18

Exercise has been reported to have positive effects on _____ symptoms: its effects are equal to ______ therapy.

Answer 18

Depressive

Cognitive

Question 19

Overly high levels of exercise and overtraining are associated with chronic activation of the ______ axis: This can contribute to higher rates of mood and _____ disorders in Athletes

Answer 19

HPA

Anxiety

Question 20

Athletes often exist in a state of ______ which is associated with neurobiological changes including metabolic disruption affecting levels of _________

Answer 20

Fatigue

Neurotransmitters

Question 21

What are three ways exercise is good for the brain?

Answer 21

Cardiovascular
Enhanced Neurotransmission
Enhanced Neuroplasticity

Question 22

What benefit of exercise increases metabolism, oxygenation, and blood flow in the brain?

Answer 22

Cardiovascular Benefits

Question 23

What benefit of exercise increases neurotransmitter production in the brain (serotonin, dopamine, GABA, glutamate, and norepinephrine)

Answer 23

Improved Neurotransmission

Question 24

What benefit of exercise increases hippocampal volume, neurogenesis, and dendritic density?

Answer 24

Enhanced Neuroplasticity

Question 25

What are two growth factors positively effected by exercise?

Answer 25

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) - Vascular growth

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) - Neurogenesis and axonal growth

Question 26

What is neurogenesis?

Answer 26

Production of new neurons

Question 27

What are the functions of new cells in the hippocampal formation?

Answer 27

Improved learning and memory
Reduced anxiety and depression
Increased resistance to stress (resilience)

Question 28

Define: BDNF

Answer 28

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor:

Acts on the CNS and PNS to decrease neural death and promote neurogenesis and growth of axons

Question 29

Define: Working Memory

Answer 29

Part of short-term memory

Holds items/numbers in mind and manipulates them (e.g. doing math or interpreting speech)