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neuro exam 2 > pterygopalatine fossa and palate > Flashcards

pterygopalatine fossa and palate Flashcards

1
Q

transantral acess to PPF

A

via maxillary sinus
upper lip elevated and maxillary sinus entered ant
can remove tumors from PPF or ligate a sphenopalatine aa for chornic epistaxis

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2
Q

general contents of PPF

A

maxillary a- 3rd portion
maxillary br of V2
pterygopalatine ganglion

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3
Q

boundaries of PPF

A 
lat- pterygomaxillary fissure
sup- greater wing of sphenoid 
ant- maxilla
med- palatine bone
inf- open via pterygopalatine canal
pot- pterygoid process sphenoid
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4
Q

openings of PPF

A 
pterygomaxillary fissure
inf orbital fissure
sphenopalatine foramen
pterygopalatine canal
foramen rotundum
pterygoid canal
pharyngeal canal
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5
Q

pterygomaxillary fissure

A

lateral
communicates w/infratemporal fossa
transmits maxillary a, post superior alveolar a,v,n

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6
Q

inf orbital fissure

A

ant
communicates w/orbit
transmits infraorbital a,v,n zygomatic a,v,n and inferior ophthalmic v

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7
Q

sphenopalatine foramen

A

medial
communicates w/nasal cavity
transmits sphenopalatine a, nasopalatine n, post sup lat nsal n

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8
Q

pterygopalatine canal

A

inf
communicates w/palate and oral cavity
transmits descending palatine a, greater and lesser palatine nn

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9
Q

foramen rotundum

A

post
lat- most of the 3 post openings
communicates w/middle cranial fossa
transmits V2

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10
Q

pterygoid canal

A

post
middle of 3 post openings
communicates w/middle cranial fossa near foramen lacerum
transmits n and a of pterygoid canal

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11
Q

pharyngeal canal

A

post
medial- most of the 3 post openings
communicates w/nasopharynx
transmits pharyngeal a,v,n

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12
Q

brr of pterygopalatine portion of maxillary a

A 
post sup alveolar a
infraorbital a
descending palatine a
a of pterygoid canal
pharyngeal a
sphenopalatine a
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13
Q

post sup alveolar a

A

enters un-named foramen on maxillary bone

supplies maxillary teeth, gingiva, and maxillary sinus

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14
Q

infraoribital a

A

exits PPF ant via inf orbital fissure
courses in infraorbital canal
exits via infraorbital foramen
supplies floor of orbit, maxillary sinus, maxillary teeth, and skin of face

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15
Q

brr of infraorbital a

A

zygomatic a
middle sup alveolar a
nasal brr
sup labial brr

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16
Q

descending palatine a

A

exits PPF inf via pterygopalatine canal

supplies palate, nasal cavity, and palatine tonsil via greater and lesser palatine aa

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17
Q

a of pterygoid canal

A

exits PPF post via pterygoid canal

supplies nasopharynx, auditory tube, and tympanic cavity

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18
Q

pharyngeal a

A

exits PPF post via pharyngeal canal
pharyngeal canal courses thru medial wall of sphenoid into nasopharynx
supplies nasopharynx, sphenoid sinus, and auditory tube

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19
Q

sphenopalatine a

A

exits PPF medially via sphenopalatine foramen

supplies nasal cavity

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20
Q

V2

A

exits via foramen rotundum to enter PPF
GSA to middle dermatome, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, maxillary teeth
distributes parasympathetics from pterygopalatine ganglion

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21
Q

brr of V2

A 
meningeal br 
sygomatic n
post sup alveolar n
infraorbital n
pterygopalatine nn
greater palatine
lesser palatine
post sup lat nasal n
pharyngeal n
n of pterygoid canal
nasopalatine n
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22
Q

meningeal br of V2

A

to dura of middle cranial fossa

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23
Q

zygomatic

A

exits PPF ant via inf orbital fissure
course thru floor and lat wall orbit divides into
zygomaticofacial
zygomaticotemporal

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24
Q

zygomaticotemporal

A

gives rise to communicating br btwn lacrimal n of V1

route for autonomics to lacrimal gland

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25
Q

post sup alveolar n

A

enters un-named foramen on maxillary bone

supplies maxillary teeth gingiva and sinus

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26
Q

infraorbital n

A

exits PPF ant via inf orbital fissure
coures thru infraorbital canal and exits infraorbital foramen
supplies floor of orbit, maxillary sinus, maxillary teeth, skin of face

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27
Q

brr of infraorbital n

A

middle and ant sup alveolar nn
inf palpebral nn
external nasal brr
sup labial brr

28
Q

pterygopalatine nn

A

suspend the pterygopalatine ganglion to V2

carry parasympathetic nn to pterygopalatine ganglion

29
Q

greater palatine n

A

exits PPF inf via pterygopalatine canal to oral cavity
supplies hard palate
also supplies nasal cavity via post inf lateral nasal n

30
Q

lesser palatine

A

exits PPF inf via pterygopalatine canal to oral cavity

supplies soft palate and tonsillar bed

31
Q

post sup lat nasal n

A

exits PPF medially via sphenopalatine foramen to enter nasal cavity
supply lat wall of nasal cavity

32
Q

pharyngeal n

A

exits PPF post via pharyngeal canal to nasopharynx

supplies nasopharynx

33
Q

n of pterygoid canal

A

enter PPF post pterygoid canal

autonomics to PPG

34
Q

nasopalatine n

A

exits PPF via sphenopalatine foramen to nasal cavities
supplies nasal cavit
passes thru incisive foramen to supply an hard palate

35
Q

nasopalatine n block

A

injected near incisive canal

36
Q

greater palatine n block

A

near greater palatine foramen

37
Q

pterygopalatine ganglion

A

suspended form V2 by pterygopalatine nn
cell bodes of postganglionic parasympathetics
preganglionics from VII via greater petrosal
postganglionics from deep petrosal n

38
Q

autonomics of n of pterygoid canal

A

preganglionci parasympathetics
postganglionic sympathetics fto PPG
composed of greater petrosal n and deep petrosal n

39
Q

autonomics greater petrosal n

A

preganglionics in salivatory nucleus -> VII -> greater petrosal n -> n of pterygoid canal -> PPG -> V2

40
Q

autonomics deep petrosal n

A

preganglionics T1-4 -> symp chain -> sup cervical ganglion -> internal carotid n -> deep petrosal n -> n of pterygoid canal -> thru PPG (do not synapse) -> V2

41
Q

autonomics to lacrimal glans

A

postganglionic parasympathetics & sympathetics with zygomatic (V2) and lacrimal V1 from PPG

42
Q

autonomics mucous secreting glands of head

A

brr of V2 from PPG

43
Q

palate

A

consists of hard and soft
forms boundary btwn oral and nasal cavities
nasal surface covered w/respirator mucosa
oral surface covered w/typical oral mucosa

44
Q

hard palate

A

ant 2/3s

palatine processes of maxillary bones and horizontal plate of palatine bones

45
Q

foramina of hard palate

A

incisive foramen

greater and lesser palatine formen

46
Q

incisive foramen

A

nasopalatine n and greater palatine a

47
Q

greater palatine formen

A

greater palatine a, v, n

48
Q

lesser palatine foramen

A

lesser palatine a, v, n

49
Q

mucosa of hard palate

A

palatine glands- mucous secreting
transverse palatine folds
palatine raphe
too painful for injection, inject int sup gingiva mucosa

50
Q

soft palate

A

post 1/3 of tongue
mobile assists w/swallowing
palatine aponeurosis and mucosa w/palatine glands
ends in uvulua

51
Q

soft palate and swallowing

A

presses against tongue to hold food in oral cavity

presses against roof of pahrynx to prevent food from passing into nasal cavity

52
Q

fauces

A

passage from oral cavity into pharynx
sup- palate
inf- base of tongue
lat- faucial pillars

53
Q

faucial pillars

A

palatoglossal arch
palatopharyngeal arch
isthmus of fauces (btwn pillars)

54
Q

palatine tonsillar bed

A 
btwn palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds
sup  and middle constrictor
hypoglossus
glossopharyngeal 
tonsillar vessels
55
Q

palatine tonsil aa

A 
facial a
palatine br of ascending pharyngeal
ascending palatine
dorsal lingual
lesser palatine
56
Q

palatine tonsil vv

A

tonsilar plexus

pharyngeal plexus

57
Q

palatoglossus

A

soft palate via palatine aponeurosis
tongue
X
pulls tongue and soft palate together when swallowing

58
Q

palatopharyngeus

A

soft palate via palatine aponeurosis
thyroid cartilage
X
swallowing

59
Q

musculus uvulae

A

soft palate via palatine aponeurosis
uvula
X
shortens and elevates uvula

60
Q

tensor veli palatini

A

-lateral cartilaginous auditory tube, membranous auditory tube, medial pterygoid plate, scaphoid fossa, spine of sphenoid
- palatine aponeurosis via tendon passing inf to pterygoid hamulus
V3
tenses palate, mastication, swallowing, opens auditory tube

61
Q

levator veli palatini

A

medial side cartilaginous auditory tube, petrous portion temporal bone
passes in gap 1 to attach to palatine apneurosis
X
elevate palate, pull against roof of pharynx

62
Q

paralysis of X

A

soft palate and faucial pillars sag, uvula deviate to unaffected side

63
Q

aa of palate

A

maxillary a (3rd portion):
-greater and lesser palatine aa
facial a:
-ascending palatine a

64
Q

vv of palate

A

pterygoid plexus of vv -> maxillary v

65
Q

sensory of palate

A

nasopalatine, greater and lesser palatine all V2

neuro exam 2 (11 decks)

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