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neuro exam 2 > histology of the eye > Flashcards

histology of the eye Flashcards

1
Q

corneal layers

A 
outer epithelium
bowman's membrane
substantia propria
descemet's membrane
corneal endothelium
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2
Q

outer epi

A

nonkeratinized squamous

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3
Q

bowman’s membrane

A

thin BM

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4
Q

substantia propria

A

dense collagenous tissue w/spare kartinocytes

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5
Q

descemet’s membrane

A

thick BM

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6
Q

corneal endothelium

A

responsible for active transport of fluid out of SP and allowing diffusion of metabolites from aqueous humor

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7
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness
light focused ant to retina
cornea is too curved or lens too powerful for length of globe

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8
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness
light focuses post to retina
lens and cornea too weak

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9
Q

LASKIK

A

corneal epi cells are replaced by mitotic cells found in periphery which migrate into wound

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10
Q

chorioid

A

posterior pigmented portion of vascular layer
loose CT, fibroblasts, and melanocytes
Bruch’s Membrane (separates it from retina)
choriocapillaris- area next to retina rich in capillaries

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11
Q

drusen

A

accumulation of amyloid btwn bruch’s membrane and pigmented epithelium
due to normal aging
first sign of macula degeneration

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12
Q

ciliary body

A

forward continuation of Uveal (vascular) layer

wedge shaped btwn iris and vitreous body

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13
Q

ciliary body contains

A 
loose CT
pigmented epi
nonpigmented epi (filtrate plasma creates aqueous humor)
smooth m
zonule fibers
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14
Q

zonule fibers

A

radiate from ciliary processes to lens

form suspensory ligaments of lens

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15
Q

ciliary m bundles

A

3:
1 opens canal of schlemm
2 stretch ciliary body

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16
Q

near by accommodation

A

ciliary m contracts
tension on suspensory ligs releases
lens gets thicker and more convex

17
Q

distant accommodation

A

ciliary m relaxed
tension on suspensory ligs increases
lens gets thinner and less convex

18
Q

flow of humor

A

ciliary processes has epithelial folds w/core rich in fenestrated capillaries which continuously produce aqueous humor
passes thru papillary aperture btwn iris and lens into ant chamber
drains thru trabecular meshwork into canal of schlemm and into venous circulation

19
Q

corneal-irideal angle

A

area btwn endothelial cells fo cornea and ant surface of iris
canal of schlemm forms complete circle here

20
Q

open-angle glaucoma

A

most common form
corneal irideal angle open
increased IOP
slow neurodegenerative process w/characteristic optic nerve cupping

21
Q

treatment of open angle glaucoma

A

prostaglandins
beta-blockers
alpha adrenergic agonists
trabeculectomy or trabeculoplasty

22
Q

angle-closure glaucoma

A 
corneal-irideal angle obstructed
aqueous outflow impeded
primary- unknown or congenital cause
seconday- inflammation, hemmorage, neovasulization, or tumor
conjunctival redness common
23
Q

iris

A

colored, ant extension of ciliary body
controls pupillary aperture
separates ant and post chambers
2 concentric rings (pupillary and ciliary zone)

24
Q

pupillary zone

A

nearest the pupil and thickest area

25
Q

ciliary zone

A

nearest the ciliary body and widest area

26
Q

ant surface of iris

A

fibroblasts and pigmented melanocytes embedded in extraoccular matrix
eye pigmentation is determined by number of melanocytes here

27
Q

stoma of iris

A

well vascularized loose CT w/vessels arranges radially

28
Q

contractile elements of iris

A

myoepthelial cells make up dilator pupillae m

smooth m makes up sphincter pupillae m

29
Q

post surface iris

A

pigmented epi, continuous w/ciliary body

30
Q

lens

A 
transparent, biconvex, avascular
supported by zonule fibers making up suspensory ligs
3 components:
lens capsule
lens epi
lens fibers
31
Q

lens capsule

A

thick transparent basal lamina

32
Q

lens epithelium

A

single layer of cuboidal cells

only present on ant and lateral surface

33
Q

lens fibers

A

around 2000 hexagonal and elongated terminally differentiated cells
loose nuclei and organelles during maturation
filled w/crystallins (proteins that increase refractory index of lens)

34
Q

cataract

A

leading cause of blindness in the world
lens does not shed nonviable cells
lens fibers do not have intracellular mechanism to deal w/accumulation of substance
photo/oxidative damage

35
Q

risk factors for cataract

A 
advanced aging
smoking
sun exposure
alcohol consumption
metabolic syndrome
diabetes mellitus
malnutrition
inactivity

neuro exam 2 (11 decks)

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