Pteridophytes Flashcards
Crozier
fiddle head of a fern
Pinna
leaflet on a fern
Frond
the entire leaf of a fern, including the petiole
Stipe
the petiole of a fern leaf
Strobilus
sporangia bearing structures
Usually cones
Sporophyll
leaf bearing one or more sporangia
Megasporophyll
leaf bearing a megasporangium
Microsporophyll
leaf bearing a microsporangium
Sorus
a cluster of sporangia on the underside of a fern frond
Indusium
an outgrowth on the undersurface of fern leaves that covers and protects the developing sporangia
Dimorphic (leaves)
When a plant has multiple types of leaves
Sporangiophore
A type of hyphae bearing the sporangium
Sporophore
Reproductive portion of the leaf
Trochophore
Leafy portion of the leaf
Silica bodies
Silica spots formed in the cell wall and lumen
Sporocarps
A specialized structure responsible for producing and releasing spores
Annulus
an arc of specialized cells on a sporangium
What are some common features of Lycophytes?
-Microphylls
-Dichotomous (when branching)
-Either homosporous or heterosporous
-Sporangia in strobillus
Where is Lycopodiaceae found?
mostly tropical
What are some common features in Monilophytes?
-Megaphylls
-Either homosporous or heterosporous
-Sporangia rarely in strobilus, usually on undersides of leaves clustered in a sorus.
Identify the family:
-Alternate leaves
-Spiral phyllotaxy
-Cylindrical strobili
-Kidney shaped sporangia
-Homosporous
Lycopodiaceae
What are some characteristics of Lycopodiaceae?
leaves
phyllotaxy
strobili
sporangia
homo/hetero
-Alternate leaves
-Spiral phyllotaxy
-Cylindrical strobili
-Kidney shaped sporangia
-Homosporous
Identify the family:
-Alternate leaf arrangement
-Dimorphic
-4-ranked phyllotaxy
-Strobilli 4-sided
-Globose sporangia
-Heterosporous
Selaginellaceae
What are some common characteristics of Selaginellaceae?
alternate
phyllotaxy
stobilli
sporangia
hetero/homo
-Alternate leaf arrangement
-Dimorphic
-4-ranked phyllotaxy
-Strobilli 4-sided
-Globose sporangia
-Heterosporous
Where is Selaginellaceae found?
mostly tropical
Identify the family:
-Terrestrial/Aquatic
-Compact stems
-Corm
-Leaves with air chambers
-Alternate leaf arrangement
-Spiral phyllotaxy
-Strobili absent
-Large sporangia at the base of the leaves
-Heterosporous
Isoetaceae
What are some common characteristics of Isoetaceae?
-Terrestrial/Aquatic
-Compact stems
-Corm
-Leaves with air chambers
-Alternate leaf arrangement
-Spiral phyllotaxy
-Strobili absent
-Large sporangia at the base of the leaves
-Heterosporous
Where is Isoetaceae found?
widespread, aquatic
Identify the family:
-Epiphytic
-Roots absent
-Scale-like leaves
-3-loculed sporangia
-Homosporous
Psilotaceae
What are some common characteristics of Psilotaceae?
-Epiphytic
-Roots absent
-Scale-like leaves
-3-loculed sporangia
-Homosporous
Where is Psilotaceae found?
mostly tropical
Identify the family:
-Leaves simple/compound
-Dimorphic
-Leaves divided into Sporophore and Trochophore
-Homosporous
Ophioglossaceae
What are some common traits of Ophioglossaceae?
-Leaves simple/compound
-Dimorphic
-Leaves divided into Sporophore and Trochophore
-Homosporous
Where is Ophioglossaceae found?
disturbed areas, widespread
Identify the family:
-Grooved stem with air canals and silica bodies
-Scale-like leaves
-Whorled leaf arrangement
-Spores with elaters
-Sporangiophores
-Homosporous
Equisetaceae
What are some common traits of Equisetaceae?
stem anatomy
leaves
arangement
homo/hetero
two special features
-Grooved stem with air canals and silica bodies
-Scale-like leaves
-Whorled leaf arrangement
-Spores with elaters
-Sporangiophores
-Homosporous
Where is Equisetaceae found?
northern temperate
Identify this family:
-Compound leaves
-Dimorphic/ Partially dimorphic
-Absence of sori
-Dehisced sporangia look like pac-man
-Homosporous
Osmundaceae
What are some common traits of Osmundaceae?
leaves (x2)
sori
sporangia
homo/hetero
-Compound leaves
-Dimorphic/ Partially dimorphic
-Absence of sori
-Dehisced sporangia look like pac-man
-Homosporous
Where are Osmundaceae found?
temperate wetlands
Identify the family:
-Aquatic
-Compound leaves (4 leaflets)
-Sporangia aggregated into sporocarps
-Heterosporous
Marsileaceae
What are some common traits of Marsileaceae?
leaf complexity
sporangia
hetero/homo
-Compound leaves (4 leaflets)
-Sporangia aggregated into sporocarps
-Heterosporous
Where are Marsileaceae found?
widespread, wetlands
Identify the family:
-Aquatic
-Simple leaves, small hairs
-Microscopic sporangia
-Heterosporous
Salviniaceae
What are common traits of Salviniaceae?
leaves
sporangia
homo/hetero
-Simple leaves, small hairs
-Microscopic sporangia
-Heterosporous
Where are Salviniaceae found?
widespread, wetlands
Identify the order:
-Compound leaves
-Homosporous
-Sori present
-Sporangia on leaf underside
-Annulus present
Polypodiales
What are common traits of Polypodiales?
leaf complexity
homo/hetero
sori & sporangia (special features)
-Compound leaves
-Homosporous
-Sori present
-Sporangia on leaf underside
-Annulus present
Where are Polypodiales found?
mostly tropical
