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Plant Systematics > Angiosperms & Floral Morphology > Flashcards

Angiosperms & Floral Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of fruits angiosperms use for reproduction?

A

fleshy, winged, exozoochorous

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2
Q

Exozoochorous

A

grabs onto animals for dispersion

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3
Q

How many integuments does the ovule of a flowering plant have?

A

two

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4
Q

Carpel

A
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5
Q

How many cells & nuclei are in the megagametophyte?

A

7 cells; 8 nuclei

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6
Q

How many cells is the male gametophyte?

A

2-3

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7
Q

What 3 traits do we see in wind pollinated plants?

A

-floral reduction
-large, feathery styles
-large anthers

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8
Q

What 4 traits do we see in bird pollination?

A

-brightly colored flowers
-long and tubular
-no fragrance
-lots of nectar

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9
Q

What 4 traits do we see in bat pollination?

A

-white flowers
-open, robust flowers
-fragrant at night
-lots of nectar

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10
Q

What 3 traits do we see in beetle pollination?

A

-beetles eat the pollen
-fragrant
-closed chambers

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11
Q

What 3 traits do we see in bee pollination?

A

-zygomorphic flower
-fragrant
-landing platform with nectar guides

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12
Q

What 2 traits do we see in butterfly pollination?

A

-brightly colored tubular flowers
-landing platform

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13
Q

What two traits do we see in fly pollination?

A

-rotting smell
-darkly colored

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14
Q

Pseudocopulation pollination

A

When a flower produces imitation sex pheromones/flower parts to entice male pollinators.

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15
Q

What is Darwin’s “Abominable Mystery”?

A

Why did angiosperms suddenly appear in the fossil record?

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16
Q

When does the fossil record place angiosperms?

A

~132 MYA

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17
Q

Where do Bennettitales, Glossopteridales, & Caytoniales fit into the fossil record?

A

in the 200 MY gap between gymnosperms and angiosperms

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18
Q

Calyx

A

All the sepals, 1st whorl

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19
Q

Corolla

A

All the petals, 2nd whorl

20
Q

Androecium

A

All the stamen, 3rd whorl

21
Q

Gynoecium

A

All the carpel, 4th whorl

22
Q

Tepal

A

One or more whorls of sepals or petals that look identical

23
Q

Corona

A

An extra whorl between the petals and stamens; you can tell them apart from the tepals because they look remarkably different.

24
Q

Carpel

A

consists of stigma, style, & ovary

25
Q

Stigma

A

specialized surface for pollen reception & germination

26
Q

Ovary

A

contains ovules which develop into seeds after germination

27
Q

Style

A

the leftover tissue between the stigma and the ovary (stalk through which the pollen tubes/microgametophytes grow)

28
Q

Bisexual (perfect) flowers

A

have stamens & carpels

29
Q

Imperfect flowers

A

have either stamens OR carpels

30
Q

Staminate

A

a flower with just stamens

31
Q

Carpellate

A

a flower with just carpels

32
Q

Hypanthium

A

fusion of petals, sepals, & stamen into a cup

33
Q

Zygomorphic

A

one plane of symmetry

34
Q

Actinomorphic

A

multiple planes of symmetry

35
Q

Pedicel

A

Stalk on which the flower sits

36
Q

What are the two parts of the stamen?

A

Anthers: make the pollen
Filaments: stalk for the anther

37
Q

What is it called when the stamen is reduced? Explain the morphology.

A

When the stamen is reduced it’s called a microsporophyll. It contains several microsporangia, which are the sacs of the anther. They produce microspores.

38
Q

Stamenoids

A

sterile stamen

39
Q

What did carpels evolve from?

A

megasporophylls

40
Q

Placenta

A

surrounds the ovule, providing nutrition

41
Q

Ovary wall

A

protective structure that will become a fruit

42
Q

Locule

A

chamber of an individual carpel, contains the ovules

43
Q

Septum

A

remnants of the ovary wall from the fusion of 2 or more carpels

44
Q

Superior ovary

A

Sepals, petals, and stamens attached to receptacle at base of ovary.

45
Q

Inferior ovary

A

Sepals, petals, and stamens appear attached at top of ovary.

46
Q

Parietal

A

multiple carpels in one locule

47
Q

Axile

A

one carpel in each locule

Plant Systematics (11 decks)

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