Gymnosperms Flashcards
Identify the genus:
-Diecious
-Coralloid roots
-Cataphylls
-Leaves pinnately compound
-Inverted omega pattern of vascular bundles in the petioles
-Female and male strobili
Cycads
What are some common traits of Cycads?
-Diecious
-Coralloid roots
-Cataphylls
-Leaves pinnately compound
-Inverted omega pattern of vascular bundles in the petioles
-Female and male strobili
What adaptation is unique to Coniferales?
true cones
What are the two families within Cycads?
Cycadaceae & Zamiaceae
What are the closest relatives to angiosperms?
seed ferns
Identify the family:
-Dioecious
-Habit: non-woody shrubs
-Pinnate leaves
-Single main vein per leaflet
-Cataphylls
-Microstrobili present and large, with numerous microsporangia
-No megastrobili,rather simple aggregations of megasporophylls at the apical meristem
Cycadaceae
What are some common traits of Cycadaceae?
-Dioecious
-Habit: non-woody shrubs
-Pinnate leaves
-Single main vein per leaflet
-Cataphylls
-Microstrobili present and large, with numerous microsporangia
-No megastrobili,rather simple aggregations of megasporophylls at the apical meristem
Where are Cycadaceae found?
Tropical Asia
Identify the family:
-Dioecious
-Habit: non-woody shrubs
-Pinnate leaves
-Multiple veins per leaflet
-Cataphylls
-Microstrobili present and large, with numerous microsporangia
-Mega sporangiate strobili
Zamiaceae
What are some common traits of Zamiaceae?
-Dioecious
-Habit: non-woody shrubs
-Pinnate leaves
-Multiple veins per leaflet
-Cataphylls
-Microstrobili present and large, with numerous microsporangia
-Mega sporangiate strobili
Where are Zamiaceae found?
Tropical
Identify the family:
-Dioecious
-Habit: deciduous trees
-Fan shaped leaves with dichotomous venation
-Short and long shoots
-Microstrobilus with many microsporophylls, very short-lived and deciduous
-Megastrobili consisting of only two ovules
Ginkgoaceae
What are some common traits of Ginkgoaceae?
-Dioecious
-Habit: deciduous trees
-Fan shaped leaves with dichotomous venation
-Short and long shoots
-Microstrobilus with many microsporophylls, very short-lived and deciduous
-Megastrobili consisting of only two ovules
Describe the megastrobili on Ginkgos.
Reduced to paired ovules on a stalk, usually only one ovule develops on each.
Where are Ginkgos found?
China
When did gymnosperms and angiosperms diverge from other taxa?
~360MYA
When did gymnosperms and angiosperms diverge from each other?
~325MYA
How many times has heterospory arisen?
3
What are the phylums (and families) where heterospory evolved?
Monilophytes
-Marsileaceae
-Salviniaceae
Lycophytes
-Selaginellaceae
-Isoetaceae
All gymnosperms & angiosperms
Integument
flaps of tissue grown around the megasporangium
What is a cone?
a compound, female strobilus
Coralloid roots
lumpy roots near the surface that work with bacteria to fix nitrogen
What are the three parts of the seed?
-nutritive tissue
-integument
-female gametophyte
Identify the family:
-monecious
-Highly resinous
-Leaves often borne in fascicles (short shoots)
-Microstrobili with 2 microsporagia on each microsporophyll
-“Mickeymouse” pollen
-Cones with 2 ovules per scale, ovules directed towards cone axis
-Seeds with wing
Pinaceae
What are some common traits of Pinaceae?
-Habit:trees
-Highly resinous
-Leaves often borne in fascicles (short shoots)
-Microstrobili with 2 microsporagia on each microsporophyll
-“Mickeymouse” pollen
-Cones with 2 ovules per scale, ovules directed towards cone axis
-Seeds with wing
What family has winged seedlings?
Pinaceae
Where is Pinaceae found?
northern temperate climates
Identify the family:
-Habit:trees
-Leaves scale-like, often opposite, but varied
-Phyllotaxy often decussate
-Often many(>2) microsporangia on microsporophyll
-Often many ovules on each ovulate scale
Cupressaceae
What are some common traits of Cupressaceae?
-Habit:trees
-Leaves scale-like, often opposite, but varied
-Phyllotaxy often decussate
-Often many(>2) microsporangia on microsporophyll
-Often many ovules on each ovulate scale
Where are Cupressaceae found?
northern temperate habitats
Identify the family:
-Habit:trees
-Dioecious
-Leaves typically broad (not needle-like)
-Cone highly reduced to a single seed
-Cone modified into a juicy epimatium for dispersal by vertebrates
Podocarpaceae
What are some common traits of Podocarpaceae?
-Habit:trees
-Dioecious
-Leaves typically broad (not needle-like)
-Cone highly reduced to a single seed
-Cone modified into a juicy epimatium for dispersal by vertebrates
Where are Podocarpaceae found?
southern tropical/subtropical
Identify the family:
-Habit:trees
-Dioecious
-Seeds arillate
-Microsporophylls somewhat peltate
-Ovules solitary and lacking cones
Taxaceae
What are some common traits of Taxaceae?
-Habit:trees
-Dioecious
-Seeds arillate
-Microsporophylls somewhat peltate
-Ovules solitary and lacking cones
Where are Taxaceae found?
Northern temperate
Identify the family:
-Habit:trees with straight trunk
-Monoecious or dioecious
-Large microstrobili
-Usually with large cones
-One seed per ovulate scale and seeds very large
Araucariaceae
What are some common traits of Araucariaceae?
-Habit:trees with straight trunk
-Monoecious or dioecious
-Large microstrobili
-Usually with large cones
-One seed per ovulate scale and seeds very large
Where are Araucariaceae found?
Southern tropical
Identify the family:
-Habit:lianas
-Dioecious
-Broad leaves with reticulate venation
-Strobili with mixed male and female structures
-Horizontal pedioles
Gnetaceae
What are some common traits of Gnetaceae?
-Habit:lianas
-Dioecious
-Broad leaves with reticulate venation
-Strobili with mixed male and female structures
-Horizontal pedioles
Where are Gnetaceae found?
Tropical forests
Identify the family:
-Habit:shrubs
-Dioecious
-Stems tough and often glaucous
-Leaves opposite or whorled, reduced to scales
-Strobili small
-Micropylar tube
Ephedraceae
What are some common traits of Ephedraceae?
-Habit:shrubs
-Dioecious
-Stems tough and often glaucous
-Leaves opposite or whorled, reduced to scales
-Strobili small
-Micropylar tube
Where are Ephedraceae found?
Deserts
Identify the family:
-Habit:suffrutescent herb
-Dioecious
-Only produce cotyledons that continue to grow for hundreds of years
Welwitschiaceae
What are some common traits of Welwitschiaceae?
-Habit:suffrutescent herb
-Dioecious
-Only produce cotyledons that continue to grow for hundreds of years
Where are Welwitschiaceae found?
Namib desert
