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Plant Systematics > Gymnosperms > Flashcards

Gymnosperms Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the genus:
-Diecious
-Coralloid roots
-Cataphylls
-Leaves pinnately compound
-Inverted omega pattern of vascular bundles in the petioles
-Female and male strobili

A

Cycads

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2
Q

What are some common traits of Cycads?

A

-Diecious
-Coralloid roots
-Cataphylls
-Leaves pinnately compound
-Inverted omega pattern of vascular bundles in the petioles
-Female and male strobili

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3
Q

What adaptation is unique to Coniferales?

A

true cones

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4
Q

What are the two families within Cycads?

A

Cycadaceae & Zamiaceae

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5
Q

What are the closest relatives to angiosperms?

A

seed ferns

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6
Q

Identify the family:
-Dioecious
-Habit: non-woody shrubs
-Pinnate leaves
-Single main vein per leaflet
-Cataphylls
-Microstrobili present and large, with numerous microsporangia
-No megastrobili,rather simple aggregations of megasporophylls at the apical meristem

A

Cycadaceae

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7
Q

What are some common traits of Cycadaceae?

A

-Dioecious
-Habit: non-woody shrubs
-Pinnate leaves
-Single main vein per leaflet
-Cataphylls
-Microstrobili present and large, with numerous microsporangia
-No megastrobili,rather simple aggregations of megasporophylls at the apical meristem

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8
Q

Where are Cycadaceae found?

A

Tropical Asia

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9
Q

Identify the family:
-Dioecious
-Habit: non-woody shrubs
-Pinnate leaves
-Multiple veins per leaflet
-Cataphylls
-Microstrobili present and large, with numerous microsporangia
-Mega sporangiate strobili

A

Zamiaceae

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10
Q

What are some common traits of Zamiaceae?

A

-Dioecious
-Habit: non-woody shrubs
-Pinnate leaves
-Multiple veins per leaflet
-Cataphylls
-Microstrobili present and large, with numerous microsporangia
-Mega sporangiate strobili

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11
Q

Where are Zamiaceae found?

A

Tropical

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12
Q

Identify the family:
-Dioecious
-Habit: deciduous trees
-Fan shaped leaves with dichotomous venation
-Short and long shoots
-Microstrobilus with many microsporophylls, very short-lived and deciduous
-Megastrobili consisting of only two ovules

A

Ginkgoaceae

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13
Q

What are some common traits of Ginkgoaceae?

A

-Dioecious
-Habit: deciduous trees
-Fan shaped leaves with dichotomous venation
-Short and long shoots
-Microstrobilus with many microsporophylls, very short-lived and deciduous
-Megastrobili consisting of only two ovules

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14
Q

Describe the megastrobili on Ginkgos.

A

Reduced to paired ovules on a stalk, usually only one ovule develops on each.

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15
Q

Where are Ginkgos found?

A

China

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16
Q

When did gymnosperms and angiosperms diverge from other taxa?

A

~360MYA

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17
Q

When did gymnosperms and angiosperms diverge from each other?

A

~325MYA

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18
Q

How many times has heterospory arisen?

A

3

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19
Q

What are the phylums (and families) where heterospory evolved?

A

Monilophytes
-Marsileaceae
-Salviniaceae

Lycophytes
-Selaginellaceae
-Isoetaceae

All gymnosperms & angiosperms

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20
Q

Integument

A

flaps of tissue grown around the megasporangium

21
Q

What is a cone?

A

a compound, female strobilus

22
Q

Coralloid roots

A

lumpy roots near the surface that work with bacteria to fix nitrogen

23
Q

What are the three parts of the seed?

A

-nutritive tissue
-integument
-female gametophyte

24
Q

Identify the family:
-monecious
-Highly resinous
-Leaves often borne in fascicles (short shoots)
-Microstrobili with 2 microsporagia on each microsporophyll
-“Mickeymouse” pollen
-Cones with 2 ovules per scale, ovules directed towards cone axis
-Seeds with wing

A

Pinaceae

25
Q

What are some common traits of Pinaceae?

A

-Habit:trees
-Highly resinous
-Leaves often borne in fascicles (short shoots)
-Microstrobili with 2 microsporagia on each microsporophyll
-“Mickeymouse” pollen
-Cones with 2 ovules per scale, ovules directed towards cone axis
-Seeds with wing

26
Q

What family has winged seedlings?

A

Pinaceae

27
Q

Where is Pinaceae found?

A

northern temperate climates

28
Q

Identify the family:
-Habit:trees
-Leaves scale-like, often opposite, but varied
-Phyllotaxy often decussate
-Often many(>2) microsporangia on microsporophyll
-Often many ovules on each ovulate scale

A

Cupressaceae

29
Q

What are some common traits of Cupressaceae?

A

-Habit:trees
-Leaves scale-like, often opposite, but varied
-Phyllotaxy often decussate
-Often many(>2) microsporangia on microsporophyll
-Often many ovules on each ovulate scale

30
Q

Where are Cupressaceae found?

A

northern temperate habitats

31
Q

Identify the family:
-Habit:trees
-Dioecious
-Leaves typically broad (not needle-like)
-Cone highly reduced to a single seed
-Cone modified into a juicy epimatium for dispersal by vertebrates

A

Podocarpaceae

32
Q

What are some common traits of Podocarpaceae?

A

-Habit:trees
-Dioecious
-Leaves typically broad (not needle-like)
-Cone highly reduced to a single seed
-Cone modified into a juicy epimatium for dispersal by vertebrates

33
Q

Where are Podocarpaceae found?

A

southern tropical/subtropical

34
Q

Identify the family:
-Habit:trees
-Dioecious
-Seeds arillate
-Microsporophylls somewhat peltate
-Ovules solitary and lacking cones

A

Taxaceae

35
Q

What are some common traits of Taxaceae?

A

-Habit:trees
-Dioecious
-Seeds arillate
-Microsporophylls somewhat peltate
-Ovules solitary and lacking cones

36
Q

Where are Taxaceae found?

A

Northern temperate

37
Q

Identify the family:
-Habit:trees with straight trunk
-Monoecious or dioecious
-Large microstrobili
-Usually with large cones
-One seed per ovulate scale and seeds very large

A

Araucariaceae

38
Q

What are some common traits of Araucariaceae?

A

-Habit:trees with straight trunk
-Monoecious or dioecious
-Large microstrobili
-Usually with large cones
-One seed per ovulate scale and seeds very large

39
Q

Where are Araucariaceae found?

A

Southern tropical

40
Q

Identify the family:
-Habit:lianas
-Dioecious
-Broad leaves with reticulate venation
-Strobili with mixed male and female structures
-Horizontal pedioles

A

Gnetaceae

41
Q

What are some common traits of Gnetaceae?

A

-Habit:lianas
-Dioecious
-Broad leaves with reticulate venation
-Strobili with mixed male and female structures
-Horizontal pedioles

42
Q

Where are Gnetaceae found?

A

Tropical forests

43
Q

Identify the family:
-Habit:shrubs
-Dioecious
-Stems tough and often glaucous
-Leaves opposite or whorled, reduced to scales
-Strobili small
-Micropylar tube

A

Ephedraceae

44
Q

What are some common traits of Ephedraceae?

A

-Habit:shrubs
-Dioecious
-Stems tough and often glaucous
-Leaves opposite or whorled, reduced to scales
-Strobili small
-Micropylar tube

45
Q

Where are Ephedraceae found?

A

Deserts

46
Q

Identify the family:
-Habit:suffrutescent herb
-Dioecious
-Only produce cotyledons that continue to grow for hundreds of years

A

Welwitschiaceae

47
Q

What are some common traits of Welwitschiaceae?

A

-Habit:suffrutescent herb
-Dioecious
-Only produce cotyledons that continue to grow for hundreds of years

48
Q

Where are Welwitschiaceae found?

A

Namib desert

Plant Systematics (11 decks)

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