Psychotropic Medications

Question 1

Pharmacodynamics vs Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

Pharmacodynamics
What drugs do and how they do it.
Drug action & drug response

Pharmacokinetics: (ADME)
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination

Question 2

MAOI & Acetylcholinesterase (Alzheimer’s drugs)

What is the “target” for these medications

Answer 2

Enzymes

Question 3

Anxiolytics Anti-Anxiety drugs

Name them

Answer 3

Antidepressants (1st line)
SSRI, Tricyclics, MAOI,buspirone

Benzodiazepine

Off label
Beta blockers, Central Alpha Agonist

Other
Alcohol, Valerian, Antihistamines, Ketamine (ER use)

Question 4

Benzos

Alprazolam Xanax
Clonazepam Klonopin
Lorazepam Ativan
Diazepam Valium
_________ Librium

Answer 4

Chlordiazepoxide

Question 5

How do benzos affect

GABA
NE
S

Answer 5

GABA = Increased affinity (Calm)
NE = Decreased
S = Decreased

Question 6

Buspirone (BuSpar) Non-benzo Antianxiety

Requires _____ of consistent dosing for onset of effects, effects improve after 1 - 3 months.

Binds to which receptors….

Avoid grapefruit

For long-term use

Answer 6

3 - 6 weeks constant dosing

Binds to S & DA serotonin & dopamine NOT GABA

Question 7

Off lable medication for _____

Beta blocker: Propranolol

Central Alpha Agonist: Clonidine - useful in PTSD

Prazosin- decreased nightmare

Antihistamine

Pregabalin & gabapentin

Answer 7

Anxiety

Question 8

Valerian - Hepatotoxicity

Kava Hepatotoxicity
(Increases GABA binding sites, takes many months)

Lavender Better Sleep Effects

For this type of problem

Answer 8

Anxiety

Question 9

Management of Extrapyrmidal Symptoms (Dystonia, Akathisia, Pseudoparkinsonism) in a client taking antipsychotic medications.

(3)

Answer 9

Lower dose
Change medicine
Anticholinergic agent (Diphenhydramine)

Question 10

3 classes of drugs that cause Tardive Dyskinesia

Answer 10

Antipsychotics, TCAs, Antiemetics

Question 11

Trihexyphenidyl

Answer 11

Antispasmodic drug used to treat stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control

Treats EPS

Question 12

Benztropine mesylate

Answer 12

Anti-Tremor

Treats EPS symptoms

Question 13

Diphenhydramine

Answer 13

Anticholinergic

Treats EPS symptoms

Question 14

Amantadine HCI

Answer 14

Antiviral drug and Dopamine promoter

Treats EPS symptoms

Question 15

Amantadine HCI

Answer 15

Antiviral drug and Dopamine promoter

Treats EPS symptoms

Question 16

Valbenasine & Deutetrabenzine

Answer 16

Treat Tardive Dyskinesia

Question 17

Pharmodynamics Vs Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacodynamics vs Pharmacokinetics

Fluoxetine inhibits the reuptake of serotonin in the brain, leading to increased levels of serotonin in the synaptic cleft, which enhances mood and has an antidepressant effect.

Pharmodynamics or Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Well-absorbed orally.
Distribution: Highly protein-bound, distributed widely throughout the body.
Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver primarily by CYP2D6.
Excretion: Excreted primarily through urine. Has a long half-life, allowing for once-daily

Answer 17

Pharmacodynamics

Fluoxetine inhibits the reuptake of serotonin in the brain, leading to increased levels of serotonin in the synaptic cleft, which enhances mood and has an antidepressant

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Well-absorbed orally.
Distribution: Highly protein-bound, distributed widely throughout the body.
Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver primarily by CYP2D6.
Excretion: Excreted primarily through urine. Has a long half-life, allowing for once-daily

Question 18

Chlordiazepoxide

Answer 18

Benzo