Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 1446 Psy A > Chp 3 Biological Basis For Psy Disorders > Flashcards

Chp 3 Biological Basis For Psy Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Part of brain

Contains most of DA sensitive neurons (reward, attention, short-term memory, planning, motivation)

Executive functions: Self-control, judgemental, modification of emotions to fit social norms

A

Frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Parts of brain

Integration of sensory information, proprioception, math, taste, hearing, sight, touch, smell, temperature, pressure ,pain

A

Parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Part of brain

Visual memory (long term from hippocampus to amygdala) process audio and visual & assigns meaning, language process,emotional association

A

Temporal Lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Group of brain structures that govern emotions & behaviors.

Connected to brains pleasure center

A

Limbic system

Fornix
Corpus collosum
Thalamus
Stria terminalis
Hippocampus
Amygdala (emotions)
Mammilary bodies
Olfactory bulb
Septum (pleasure / reproduction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fornix
Corpus collosum
Thalamus
Stria terminalis
Hippocampus
Amygdala (emotions)
Mammilary bodies
Olfactory bulb
Septum (pleasure / reproduction)

Make up this area of the brain

Responsible for…..

A

Limbic system

Epinephrine flow
Emotion
Behavior
Motivation
Long-term memory
Olfactory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neurons have 3 types of actions

A

Respond to stimuli
Conduct electronic impulses
Release neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Part of the neuron that sends signals

Area in between neurons

Part of neuron that recieves signal

A

Part of the neuron that sends signals
Axon

Area in between neurons
Synapse

Part of neuron that recieves signal
Dendrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Changing of structure, function, and organization of neurons in response to new experiences

A

Neuroplasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Neurotransmitter

Not enough

Low mood / energy
Movement disorders
Inattentive
Lack of motivation / concentration

Too much

Psychomotor agitation
Irritability
Psychosis / Hallucinations
Paranoid, Aggression, Anxiety

A

Dopamine DA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name Neurotransmitter

Motivation
Focus
Addiction
Mood
Energy
Learning
Psychosis
Motor function
Hallucinations
Retaining memories

A

Dopamine DA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name Neurotransmitter

Aggression
Sex
Social Behavior
Appetite / Digestion
Sleep
Memory
Body temp
Maintain mood / balance

A

Serotonin (5-HT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Too low

Low mood
Anxiety
Insomnia
OCD
Panic
Low motivation
Altered social behavior

Too much

N/V
Nervousness
HA
Akathisia
EPS
Anorexia
Sexual Side Effects

A

Serotonin (5 HT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

This Neurotransmitter

In the brain: Inhibitory Neurotransmitter regulating

Mood
Fears
Anxiety
Relaxation
Focus
Learning
Clarity of through

In the Gut:
Satiety
Food carvings
Digestion
Nutrient absorption
Peristalsis

A

Serotonin (5 HT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dopamine vs Serotonin

Which is triggered by acts of short-term pleasure/ long-term

A

Dopamine = Short term / addiction

Serotonin = Long term / (grateful for what you have)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neurotransmitter

Attentiveness
Emotions
Anxiety
Irritability
Focus
Learning
Memory
Mood

Fight or Flight

A

Norepinephrine (NE)

Both neurotransmitter & hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neurotransmitter

Too low

Low mood, focus, energy, motivation
Pain
Insomnia
Memory & learning issues

Too much

Tremors
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Sweating
Insomnia
Erectile dysfunction
Ejaculation Issues

A

Norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Isocarboxazid
Phenelzine
Selegiline
Tranylcypromine

When combined with Tyramine rich foods. Cheese, Fermented Foods, Alcohol, Nuts, Pickled

Will raise this neurotransmitter _____

Possibly causing a Hypertensive crisis

A

Norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does GABA (gamma-Aminobutyric Acid) do?

What will happen from a lack of GABA

A

Inhibits neurons from firing uncontrollably.

Lack of GABA = Anxiety, seizures, insomnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This neurotransmitter can be used as an anticonvulsant & muscle relaxor

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Neurotransmitter

Alzheimer’s
Consolidation of traumatic memories
Cognitive function & Behavior Tasks

A

Glutamate

Too much glutamate over stimulates the brain cells causing death & calcium to enter which also has problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Major excitatory neurotransmitter

Can “turn on” almost all CNS neurons

Too much under stress can cause hippocampal damage

A

Glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Difference between GABA & Glutamate

A

GABA = Major inhibitory neurotransmitter

Glutamate = Major excitatory neurotransmitter

Turns on or off other CNS neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Histamine is associated with

Alertness or Sedation

A

Histamine associated with Alertness

Antihistamines = Sedation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Acetylcholine (Ach)
Role memory and leaning
Affects sexual & Aggressive behavior

Stimulates parasympathetic NS:SLUDD

What does SLUDD stand for

A

Salivation:
Lacrimation:
Urination:
Digestion:
Defecation:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Decrease in Acetycholine (Ach) is associated with….

Increase…

A

Decreased = Alzheimer’s, Huntington, Parkinson’s

Increase = Depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators are both messengers released by neurons that affect cells in the nervous system, but they differ in several ways:

Release
___________ are released at specialized junctions

_______ can be released in the central nervous system or periphery.

Target

________ target fast-acting ionic neuroreceptors

_______ target slower G-protein neuroreceptors.

Effect

________ affect one or two postsynaptic neurons, muscle cells, or other effector cells.

________ affect groups of neurons or effector cells. Can also alter the cellular or synaptic properties of neurons, which changes how they respond to neurotransmitters.

Duration

________ can produce long-lasting effects.

Function

_________ are directly responsible for information transmission

_______ are thought to play a role in cognition, emotion, and behavior, and may control brain states that underlie different behaviors, such as sleep and arousal

A

Release

Neurotransmitters = specialized junctions

Neuromodulators = released in the central nervous system or periphery.

Target

Neurotransmitters target fast-acting ionic neuroreceptors

neuromodulators target slower G-protein neuroreceptors.

Effect
Neurotransmitters affect one or two postsynaptic neurons, muscle cells, or other effector cells

Neuromodulators affect groups of neurons or effector cells. Neuromodulators can also alter the cellular or synaptic properties of neurons, which changes how they respond to neurotransmitters.

Duration

Neuromodulators = long-lasting

Function
Neurotransmitters = information

Neuromodulators play a role in cognition, emotion, and behavior, and brain states ie, sleep and arousal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Match Neuromodulators: Peptides

Substance P (SP), Somatostatin (SRIF), Neurotensin (NT)

Altered levels are associated with cognitive disease

Antipsychotic-like properties

(Enhances sensitivity to pain. Regulation of mood & anxiety. Promotes & reinforces memory)

A

Somatostatin (SRIF)
Altered levels are associated with cognitive disease

Neurotensin (NT)
Antipsychotic-like properties

Substance P (SP)
(Enhances sensitivity to pain. Regulation of mood & anxiety. Promotes & reinforces memory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

EEG

A non-invasive test that measures electrical activity in the brain.

Electrodes attached to the scalp to pick up electrical signals

EEGs can help diagnose ________, as well as show how other brain disorders affect brain wave patterns.

Can’t show physical abnormalities in the brain, such as damage.

A

epilepsy and other seizure disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Nursing considerations for EEG. (

A

Eat regular meal
Avoid caffeine, nicotine, alcohol
Avoid hair products
Avoid avoid sedatives, anticonvulsants, anxiolytics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Diagnose disease or injury:

Tumors, blood clots, bone fractures, stomach inflammation, and more

Plan treatment:
Guide biopsies, surgeries, radiation treatment.

Monitor treatment:

Performed with or without a contrast agent to help visualize

A

CT

Computerized Axial tomography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

CT scan used to look for damaged areas of the body. What are nursing considerations

A

Take off some or all your clothing and wear a hospital gown.

Remove metal objects, such as belts, jewelry, dentures and eyeglasses, that might affect image results.

Not eat or drink for a few hours before your scan.

Stop Metformin before use with contrast dye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Technology:

CT Scan: Uses X-rays to create cross-sectional images of the body.

MRI: Uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images.

Image Detail:

CT Scan: Better for viewing bone structures and detecting bleeding.

MRI: Provides more detailed images of soft tissues, such as the brain, muscles, and ligaments.

Radiation Exposure:

CT Scan: Involves ionizing radiation.

MRI: No ionizing radiation is used.

Speed:

CT Scan: Generally quicker, often taking just a few minutes.

MRI: Can take longer, usually between 15 to 60 minutes.
Contrast Agents:

CT Scan: Often uses iodine-based contrast agents.

MRI: Uses gadolinium-based contrast agents.

Suitability for Certain Conditions:

CT Scan: Preferred for emergency situations, trauma, and detecting cancers.

MRI: Better for diagnosing brain disorders, spinal cord issues, and joint abnormalities.
Cost:

CT Scan: Generally less expensive.

MRI: Usually more expensive.

T or F

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Technology:
Uses radioactive tracers and a special camera to produce images of metabolic processes in the body.

Purpose:
Primarily used to observe cellular activity and metabolic processes, often for cancer diagnosis, monitoring treatment response, and assessing brain function.

Tracer:
Involves injecting a small amount of radioactive material (radiotracer) into the body. The tracer accumulates in areas with high metabolic activity.

Image Detail:
Provides information about how tissues and organs are functioning, rather than just structural details.

Radiation Exposure:
Involves exposure to a small amount of radiation from the radiotracer.

Procedure Time:
Typically takes about 30 minutes to 1 hour, including both the tracer injection and the scanning process.

Combining with Other Scans: Often combined with CT (PET/CT) or MRI (PET/MRI) to provide detailed anatomical and functional information.

Preparation:
Patients may need to fast for several hours before the scan and avoid strenuous exercise.

Clinical Use:
Commonly used for cancer detection, evaluating brain disorders, and examining heart function.

Name procedure

A

PET scan

Positron emission tomography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Difference in Use between EEG, (CT & MRI), & PET Scan

A

EEG looks at brain waves mostly for seizures

CT & MRI Structural Damage Tumors, Strokes, Brain Damage

PET: Evaluates brain function, such as which areas are active during specific tasks, cognitive processes, or changes in brain activity in various conditions.

PET:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

U.S. federal law enacted in 2008 to protect individuals from discrimination based on their genetic information

A

GINA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Technology: Utilizes the same magnetic fields and radio waves as MRI, but focuses on detecting changes in blood oxygen levels (BOLD signal) to infer brain activity.

A

fMRI

MRI provides detailed anatomical images

fMRI evaluates brain activity and function in real-time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Norepinephrine & Glutamate: Do what to the neuron

GABA & Serotonin: Do what to the Neuron

Acetylcholine & Dopamine Do what to the Neuron

A

Norepinephrine & Glutamate: Excite

GABA & Serotonin: Inhibit

Acetylcholine & Dopamine Excite & Inhibit

Cause the Neuron to fire from action potential

38
Q

Nervous System 2 main parts…

The Peripheral NS is divided into 2 parts…..

Motor (Efferent) is divided into 2 parts….

Autonomic (Involuntary) is divided into 2 parts….

A

CNS & Peripheral NS

Peripheral = Sensory (Afferent) & Motor (Efferent)

Motor (Efferent) = Somatic (Voluntary) & Autonomic (Involuntary)

Autonomic (Involuntary) = Sympathetic (Fight or Flight)
Parasympathetic (Rest or Digest)

39
Q

Down Regulation

Up Regulation

A

Down Regulation = Less available receptors for a neurotransmitters.

Exp.

Opioid Receptors & Chronic Opioid Use: With chronic opioid use the brain is exposed to high levels of opioid neurotransmitters.
In response, the brain downregulates (decreases) the number of opioid receptors, leading to tolerance.

Dopamine Receptors and Drug Addiction: Chronic Stimulant use will artificially increase Dopamine level. Downregulation of dopamine receptors avoid overstimulation, resulting in a reduced sensitivity to dopamine. Creating tolerance and dependence. Need more drugs to get high

Up Regulation: More available receptors for neurotransmitters.

Exp.
Dopamine Receptors in Parkinson’s Parkinson’s = decrease in dopamine ( loss of dopamine-producing neurons)
To compensate brain upregulates dopamine receptors, increasing their sensitivity to dopamine to maintain normal functioning.

Antidepressants and Serotonin Receptors:

(SSRIs), increase serotonin levels. Over time, as serotonin levels rise, the brain may upregulate (increase) the number of certain serotonin receptors to enhance the effects of serotonin.

40
Q

What goes up must come down

Rule 1 of 3 in neurotransmitters.

What is this rule stating

A

That Withdrawal effects will be the oppsite of intoxication from drugs.

Ie. Cocaine with drawl go down
Heroine Withdrawal go up

41
Q

Rule 2 of 3 Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters are not easily fooled.

Describes Upregulation & Downregulation

Give examples.
Upregulation & Antidepressants
Downregulation & Opioid receptors

A

Upregulation

Antidepressants and Serotonin Receptors: Some antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), increase serotonin levels in the brain. Over time, as serotonin levels rise, the brain may upregulate (increase) the number of certain serotonin receptors to enhance the effects of serotonin.

Downregulation

Opioid Receptors and Chronic Opioid Use: When someone uses opioid drugs (e.g., morphine or heroin) chronically, the brain is exposed to high levels of opioid neurotransmitters. In response, the brain downregulates (decreases) the number of opioid receptors, leading to tolerance, where more of the drug is needed to achieve the same effect.

42
Q

Rule 3 of 3 Neurotransmitters

With great power comes great responsibility

Stating that the strongest Neurotransmitters also have the greatest SE

A

125,000$ Psych NP job

43
Q

Describe

Full agonist

Partial agonist

Neutral Antagonist

Inverse agonist

A

Full agonist: Mimics affects of Neurotransmitter

Partial agonist: Mimics to partial lower point

Neutral Antagonist: Blocks affects of Neurotransmitters

Inverse agonist: Produces oppsite effect to Neurotransmitters

44
Q

Give examples of Full agonist, Partial agonist, Neutral Antagonist, Inverse Agonist.

Using opioids as an example

A

Full Agonist:

Example: Morphine acting on opioid receptors.
Explanation: A full agonist binds to a receptor and activates it, producing the maximum possible response.

Partial Agonist:

Example: Buprenorphine acting on opioid receptors.

Explanation: A partial agonist binds to a receptor and activates it but only produces a partial response, even if all receptors are occupied.

Neutral Antagonist:

Example: Naloxone acting on opioid receptors.
Explanation: A neutral antagonist binds to a receptor but does not activate it. Instead, it blocks the receptor, preventing other substances (like a full agonist) from binding and activating it. Naloxone binds to opioid receptors without activating them, but it blocks opioids like morphine or heroin from binding, thus reversing their effects.

inverse agonist

Opioid receptors is naloxone methiodide when it acts on the μ-opioid receptor. Unlike naloxone (which is typically a neutral antagonist), naloxone methiodide can exhibit inverse agonist properties by reducing the basal activity of the μ-opioid receptor, thereby producing effects opposite to those of opioid agonists.

This means that instead of just blocking the receptor, naloxone methiodide can decrease any inherent activity the receptor might have in the absence of an agonist, potentially leading to effects like withdrawal symptoms in someone dependent on opioids.

45
Q

Drive
psychOsis
Parkinsonism
Attention
Motor
Inhibition of Prolactin
Narcotics
Extrapyrmidal

Describes this neurotransmitter

A

Dopamine

46
Q

Neurotransmitter

Governs Motivation & Reward

Exp. Sex, Gambling, Drugs, Fun Social Interactions, Food, Exercise

A

Dopamine

47
Q

Drugs that block ( this neurotransmitter) medigate (lessen) features of psychosis. (Hallucinations & Delusions)

Give examples of drugs that block dopamine

A

Dopamine

Exp.

Antipsychotics (Neuroleptics):
Example: Haloperidol, Risperidone, Olanzapine

Anti-Nausea Medications:
Example: Metoclopramide & Prochlorperazine
(Blocking dopamine lessens N/V esp. In chemo patients)

Mood Stabilizers with Dopamine Antagonist Properties:
Example: Lithium
Use: While lithium is primarily known as a mood stabilizer, it also has some dopamine antagonist effects, which may contribute to its effectiveness in treating bipolar disorder by reducing mania and stabilizing mood swings.

48
Q

Decreased ability to secrete dopamine is the core of this disease pathology

A

Parkinsons

Motor / Extrapiramidal issues

49
Q

Dopamine increases or decreases Attention

A

Increases

50
Q

This neurotransmitter is most associated with the Reward Pathway

A

Dopamine

51
Q

Functions

Head: Depression, anxiety, social interaction, sex drive, migraine

Red: Platelets binding

Fed: Drives GI motility & Neausa

A

Serotonin

52
Q

What condition

Headache, confusion, agitation

Hyperthermia, hypertonia, Diaphoresis, Tachycardia

Mortality 2 - 12 %

A

Serotonin Syndrome

Too much Serotonin

53
Q

What is 5-HT

A

Serotonin

54
Q

Which nervous system is Norepinephrine associated with

A

Sympathetic

55
Q

How is Acetylcholine like the oppsite of Norepinephrine?

A

Acetylcholine Governs the Parasympathetic NS (Rest y Digest)

56
Q

Acetylcholine

Describe effects

A

Autonomic: (Parasympathetic) lowers everything, Rest, Digest, Sexual

Contraction: Slows down used to treat diseases like Myasthenia gravis

Hippocampus: Learning, Memory, Awakeness, Attention.

57
Q

Increase in which neurotransmitters is helpful in improving memory associated with dementia

A

ACH
Acetylcholine

58
Q

ACH

Autonomic (Parasympathetic)
Contraction (Muscles)
Hippocampus (Memory)

Is this neurotransmitter

A

Acetylcholine

59
Q

( Too Little / Too much)

Dopamine: Schizophrenia and mania, addictive and compulsive behaviors, aggression, and anxiety.

( Too little / too much )

Dopamine: Parkinson’s disease, depression, cognitive impairment, and lack of motivation.

A

Too much: Psychosis, Addiction, Aggression, Mania, Compulsion

Too little: Parkinsons, EPS symptoms, Cognitive impairment, lack of motivation

60
Q

tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability.

This occurs due to the reduced dopamine activity in the nigrostriatal pathway.

Describes which EPS from a High potency 1st generation antipsychotic

A

Parkinsonism

61
Q

feeling of inner restlessness and an urgent need to move, often leading to repetitive movements like pacing or fidgeting.

Distressing for many patients.

Describes which EPS from a High potency 1st generation antipsychotic

A

Akathisia

62
Q

involuntary muscle contractions, leading to abnormal postures or movements, often of the neck, face, or limbs.

Can be severe and painful.

Describes which EPS from a High potency 1st generation antipsychotic

A

Dystonia

63
Q

Chronic and often irreversible condition

Repetitive, involuntary movements, especially of the face, lips, tongue, and limbs.

Associated with long-term use of antipsychotics.

Describes which EPS from a High potency 1st generation antipsychotic

A

Tardive dyskinesia

64
Q

(This Neuromodulator)

is like a messenger that carries pain signals in the body. When you get hurt, it helps transmit the pain message to your brain, so you feel pain.

It’s also involved in inflammation and can affect mood and anxiety.

A

Substance P

65
Q

(This Neuromodulator)

Acts like a traffic cop for hormones, slowing things down. It regulates and reduces the release of certain hormones and neurotransmitters, helping to control things like digestion, growth, and insulin production.

A

Somatostatin

66
Q

(This Neuromodulators)

Is like a calming agent in the brain. It helps regulate how the brain processes dopamine, which is involved in mood, reward, and movement.

Reduce pain, help with stress, and affect body temperature and digestion.

A

Neurotensin

67
Q

Life-threatening reaction that can occur in response to antipsychotic (neuroleptic) medications.

Symptoms include high fever, confusion, rigid muscles, variable blood pressure, sweating, and fast heart rate.

Complications may include rhabdomyolysis, high blood potassium, kidney failure, or seizures.

A

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)

68
Q

CT or MRI

Better at viewing:

Acute Bleeding:
Acute bleeding in the brain, such as from a stroke or trauma.

Skull Fractures:
Bone structure, Fractures in the skull.

Emergency Situations:

Quick to perform, for emergencies

A

CT Scan

69
Q

CT scan or MRI

Soft Tissue Detail:
Brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, and other abnormalities.

Brain Anatomy:
Brain conditions like stroke, dementia, or developmental anomalies.

Brainstem and Spinal Cord:

Provides clearer images

A

MRI

70
Q

This diagnostic imaging can detect

Alzheimer’s Disease:

Identify brain activity and glucose metabolism that are characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease
Reduced activity in the temporal and parietal lobes.

Parkinson’s Disease:
Revealing decreased dopamine transporter levels in the brain.

Epilepsy:
Abnormal brain metabolism associated with epileptic seizures. Help in localizing seizure foci for surgical planning.

Brain Tumors:
Areas of increased metabolic activity, which is often seen in cancerous tissues.

Brain Infections and Inflammation:
Encephalitis or meningitis.

Neurodegenerative Disorders:
Huntington’s disease or frontotemporal dementia

A

PET Scan

71
Q

myoclonus

A

Muscl3 Jerks

72
Q

periactin, sansert, inderal

Use…

A

Block serotonin receptors in Serotonin Syndrome

zyprexa: used to treat mild symptoms

73
Q

venalaxine & desvenalfaxine

Class

Nursing considerations

A

SNRI

venalaxine & desvenalfaxine: monitor BP (htn)

74
Q

NE and D2 reuptake inhibitor (NDRI)

A

buproprion (Wellbutrin, Zyban, Forfivo XL)

no sexual dysfunction
can cause weight loss

contraindicated:
-seizure disorder
-ETOH withdrawal
-BDZ withdrawal
-eating disorders

75
Q

SSRI and 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist (SPARI)

A

vilazodone (Viibryd)

causes weight gain, GI problems, joint pain (arthralgia)

contraindicated:
-abrupt stop
Elderly

76
Q

vortioxetine (Trintellix)

avoid in elderly
caution:
-abrupt withdrawal
-seizure disorder

Class…

A

Serotongic Antidepressants

77
Q

mirtazapine (Remeron): tetracyclic

Labs….

SE…..

A

caution:
-hepatic and renal impairment
-seizure disorders
SE:
-agranulocytosis
-neutropenia
-stevens-johnsons
Weigh gain

78
Q

Lithium

Therapeutic dose vs Toxicity dose

A

0.5 1.5 therapeutic

> 1.6 toxic

79
Q

Lithium test to monitor

A

lithium levels
electrolytes
kidney function
pregnancy test
thyroid function

80
Q

Lithium SE

A

Bradycardia
ataxia/acne
tremor/hypothyroid
teratogenic
edema
rash/renal toxicity
LeukocYtosis

81
Q

carbamazapine Mood stabilizer

Therapeutic level

SE

A

4 - 12

SE

SE:
-anticholinergic effects
-OH
-pruritis
-HTN
-ataxia
arrhythmias
-caution hx ETOH
-steven johnsons
-decreases birth control

82
Q

valproate (depakote, depakene)

Therapeutic range

SE: ….

Indicated: Bipolar depression

Labs

A

useful for rapid cyclers
therapeutic range: 50-100
look for valproic acid level

SE:
-weight gain
-mental dulling
-tremor
-hair loss
-loss libido

labs:
-platelets
Liver
Pancreas

83
Q

lamotrigine (Lamictal)

A

helpful with depression r/t BPD
personality disorder
therapeutic range: 3-14
-unsure of toxicity
modulates the release of glutamate

highest risk for steven johnsons
-children/Asians

SE:
-dizziness
-ataxia
-blurred vision
-HA
-anticholinergic
-photosensitivity

84
Q

Lock jaw can happen from high potency antipsychotics 1st generation

Name a serious symptom

A

Acute dystonia

85
Q

artane
cogentin
benadryl
ingrezza

Used for…

A

Controlling EPS

86
Q

Describes:

high fever: >38C

-diaphoresis

muscle rigidity

increased CPK level: due to muscle breakdown

-and liver enzymes

LOC changes

tachy

labile or high BP

dysphagia

incotinence

leukocytosis

A

neuroleptic malignant syndrom

From 1st generation antipsychotic med

Or withdrawal from

87
Q

poor antipsychotic; better as a mood stabilizer

less sedation
may cause insomnia

no weight gain

can be used to treat BPD with other meds

A

aripiprazole (Abilify, Aristada)

88
Q

The following maybe used for…

atomoxetine (Strattera)
-GI upset, weight loss, dizziness, mania, aggressive behavior
guanfacine (Tenex, Intuniv)
-sleepiness, low BP, GI upset
clonidine (Kapvay)
-irritability, fatigue, drowsiness, low BP, dizziness, URI, nightmares
viloxazine (Qelbree)

off-label:
buproprion (Wellbutrin)
venlafaxine (Effexor

A

ADHD meds
non-stimulants

89
Q

3 stages of stress

A

alarm/acute stress stage
resistance/adaptation stage
exhaustion stage

90
Q

true or false: serotonin synthesis is more active in the alarm phase

A

true or false: serotonin synthesis is more active in the alarm phase

true

over time, unremitting synthesis may impair serotonin receptor sites and the brain’s ability to use serotonin

-may be why chronic stress is correlated with depression

91
Q

which reaction to stress is healthy?

a. distress
b. eustress
c. stressor
d. none of the above

A

Eustress is a positive type of stress that can have beneficial effects on health, motivation, performance, and emotional

92
Q

Fear is anxiety

T or F

A

false
fear is a reaction to a specific danger

NURS 1446 Psy A (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions