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NURS 1446 Psy A > Chp 3 Book > Flashcards

Chp 3 Book Flashcards

1
Q

a network of structures in the brain’s temporal lobes that’s responsible for emotional and social processing, learning, and motivation

A

Limbic system

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2
Q

Located in limbic system

Responsible for short-term memory and transferring it to long-term storage, as well as spatial memory and emotional processing

A

Hippocampus

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3
Q

Located in limbic system

A small structure that processes emotions, especially fear, anxiety, and aggression, and links them to memories, learning, and the senses

A

Amygdala

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4
Q

Produces hormones, manages mood, hunger, thirst, sexual arousal, blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate, and feeds information into the limbic system

A

Hypothalamus

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5
Q

Located in limbic system

An arch-shaped convolution that processes emotions, regulates behavior, and controls autonomic motor function

A

Cingulate gyrus

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6
Q

Psychotropic medications work by….

A

changing the amount of neurotransmitters available in the synapse, which is the microscopic gap between neurons.

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7
Q

Is the range of doses at which a medication is effective without unacceptable adverse events. Drugs with a narrow TI (NTIDs) have a narrow window between their effective doses and those at which they produce adverse toxic effects.

A

The therapeutic index (TI)

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8
Q

Explain the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

A

Hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormones

CRH stimulate pituitary to release adrenocorticotropic hormone

Adrenocorticotropin stimulates adrenal glands and releases cortisol

Cortisol associated with fight or flight

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9
Q

Name Neurotransmitter

Decrease

Parkinsons & Depression

Increase

Schizophrenia & Mania

A

Dopamine DA

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10
Q

Name Neurotransmitter

Decrease:

Depression

Increase:

Mania, Anxiety, Schizophrenia

A

Norepinephrine NE

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11
Q

Name Neurotransmitter

Decreased

Depression

Only association

A

Serotonin 5-HT

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12
Q

Name Neurotransmitter

Decrease

Sedation & Weight gain

A

Histamine

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13
Q

Name the Amino Acid

Decrease:

Anxiety, Schizophrenia, Mania, Huntington’s disease

Increase:

Reduction of Anxiety

A

GABA

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14
Q

Name the Cholinergic

Decrease Level

Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, Parkinson’s

Increase Level

Depression

A

Acetylcholine ACh

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15
Q

This peptide is involved in regulation of pain & possibly mood & anxiety

A

Substance P

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16
Q

This peptide is possibly involved in disorders involving dopamine, Schizophrenia & Parkinsons

A

Neurotensin

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17
Q

Brain Imaging Tech

Can show the state the person is in. Sleep, awake, anesthetized

A

EEG

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18
Q

Brain Imaging Tech

Can detect: Lesions, Abrasions, Areas of infraction, Aneurysm

Findings

Schizophrenia
Cognitive disorders

A

CT

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19
Q

Brain Imaging Tech

Can detect

Brain edema
Ischemia
Infection
Neoplasm
Trauma

Findings

Schizophrenia
Reduction in temporal & prefrontal lobes

A

MRI

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20
Q

Brain Imaging Tech

Can Detect:

Oxygen Ultilization
Glucose Metabolism
Blood flow
Neurotransmitter-receptors interaction

Findings

Schizophrenia
Abnormalities in Limbic system
Mood disorder
Abnormalities in temporal lobe
Adult ADHD
Decreased Ulitilzation of Glucose

A

PET

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21
Q

Enzyme responsible for metabolizing most drugs is…

A

Cytochrome P450

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22
Q

Flurazepam, temazepam, triazolam

Are approved solely for…

A

Insomnia

They are benzos

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23
Q

Chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, lorazepam

Are all commonly prescribed for…

A

Alcohol withdrawal

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24
Q

Anterograde amnesia vs retrograde amnesia

A

Anterograde
This type of amnesia affects a person’s ability to learn new information and form new memories. Can be caused by Benzos, Barbiturates, Alcohol

Retrograde amnesia
This type of amnesia affects a person’s ability to recall past memories, including memories that were recently learned.

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25
Q

Ataxia

A

Impaired coordination

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26
Q

Zolpidem

A

(Ambein)

Short Acting Sedative Hypnotic sleep agents (Z-hypnotics)

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27
Q

Zaleplon

A

(Sonata)

Short Acting Sedative Hypnotic sleep agents (Z-hypnotics)

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28
Q

Eszopiclone

A

(Lunesta)

Short Acting Sedative Hypnotic sleep agents (Z-hypnotics)

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29
Q

Ramelteon

May lower testosterone & raise Prolactin.

Contradicted with Fluvoxamine

Name class & use of Ramelteon

A

Melatonin receptor agonist

Sleep

30
Q

This tricyclic antidepressants is approved for insomnia.

It doesn’t make you fall asleep faster but keeps you asleep by blocking Histamine which promotes wakefulness.

Contradicted in patients with Urinary Retention, Glaucoma, or MAOIs

A

Doxepin (Silenor)

31
Q

Suvorexant

A

Orexin receptor Antagonist

Treats insomnia

neuropeptid Orexin produced by hypothalamus promotes wakefulness

32
Q

Lemborexant

A

Orexin receptor Antagonist

Treats insomnia

neuropeptid Orexin produced by hypothalamus promotes wakefulness

33
Q

Suvorexant & Lemborexant

Treats insomnia- block Orexin receptors (Promotes Wakefulness)

Controlled substances

Contradicted in whom

A

Narcolepsy patients

34
Q

Buspirone is approved for treatment of …..

Which receptor(s) does it work on?

Controlled Substance?

A

(BuSpar)

Anxiety

Serotonin

Not CS

35
Q

First line to treat depressive disorder

A

SSRI

36
Q

Fluoxetine is the most activating SSRI. Very long half-life. Maybe taken how often

A

Possibly 1 time per week

37
Q

Sertraline (SSRI) Causes this SE more than other SSRIs

A

GI upset

38
Q

Which SSRI should be taken at bed time due to its Sedation Properties

A

Fluvoxamine

39
Q

Paroxetine (SSRI) has this major SE

A

Anticholinergic

40
Q

Citalopram (SSRI) has this SE

A

QT interval prolongation

41
Q

Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

This type of medication

Also, FDA approved for…

A

Norepinephrine & Dopamine reuptake inhibitor NDRI - Antidepressants

Also, Smoking Cessation

42
Q

Mirtazapine (Remeron)

Vs

Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

Energy levels…

Appetite….

Sex….

A

Mirtazapine (NaSSA)
Sedation & Weight Gain & Less Sex Dysfunction

Bupropion (NDRI)
Insomnia, Anorexia, Weight loss , Less Sexual Dysfunction

43
Q

SSRI or SNRI

Can help with neuropathic pain

A

SNRI

44
Q

Duloxetine (SNRI) Antidepressants

Helps these areas of pain management

A

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Fibromyalgia
Chronic musculoskeletal pain

45
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants are not often prescribed due to…

A

SE

Lethal upon OD

46
Q

Last line Antidepressants

A

MAOI

47
Q

Valproate is an Anti convulsant & mood stabilizer. Balmces GABA & Glutamate

Common SE: Sedation, weight gain, tremor

Serious SE:

Contradicted:

A

Thrombocytopenia
Pancreatitis
Hepatic failure
Hyperammonemia

Contradicted: Preggers or Liver Failure

48
Q

Carbamazepine

2nd line mood stabilizer or Bipolar & Anticonvulsants

Monitor CBC, ECG, LFT & Sodium

Pregnancy test needed

This serious adverse affect may happen…. (Esp in this population)

These types of medications maybe affected…

A

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Asians

Antivirals, anticontraceptives, immunosuppressant

49
Q

Lamotrigine

Anticonvulsant & Mood stabilizer

For (Acute or Maintenance) of bipolar

Serious adverse SE

A

Maintenance

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

50
Q

Taking an Antipsychotic & depletion of dopamine can lead to this potentially fatal condition

S/S

A

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Muscle rigidity
Alter mental status
Hyperthermia
BP, HR, RR

51
Q

Which are typical or atypical antipsychotics

A

Typical = 1st generation

Atypical = 2nd generation

52
Q

First line of treatment in schizophrenia

A

2nd generation atypical antipsychotics

Less SE

Treat both positive & Negative Symptoms of schizophrenia

53
Q

1st generation antipsychotic block dopamine

Whereas, 2nd generation are Antagonist for…

A

Dopamine & Serotonin

54
Q

Hyperprolactinemia & Gynoclamastia are seen in these meds

A

1st generation antipsychotic

55
Q

Pimavanserin 2nd generation atypical antipsychotics

Is only FDA approved for…

A

Parkinson’s psychosis

Unique that it only Antagonises serotonin receptors

56
Q

Aripiprazole, brexipipazole, quetiapine 2nd generation atypical antipsychotics

Also approved for…

A

Major depressive disorder as adjucates to antidepressants

57
Q

Cariprazine, lurasidone, quetiapine 2nd generation atypical antipsychotics

Also approved for…

A

Bipolar disorder

58
Q

2nd generation atypical antipsychotics

All have this SE

A

Weight gain, hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia

59
Q

Absolute neutrophil count is measured weekly for 6 months. Then once every 2 weeks fo 6 months. Then every 4 weeks afterwards in this medication

A

Clozapine

Best antipsychotic med - only prescribed after 2 other meds failed due to strong SE

60
Q

Clozapine 2nd generation atypical antipsychotics

Most effective- only prescribed after 2 other meds failed.

Serious SE:

Contradicted:

A

Weight gain / Diabetes

Sever Sedation, Orthostatic Hypotension, anticholinergic

Seizures

Bone marrow & Neutropenia

Contradicted: Seizures conditions

61
Q

Clozapine 2nd generation atypical antipsychotics

Levels with smoking

A

Smoking lowers levels in blood

62
Q

Risperidone

Potent D² Antagonist.

High rates of EPS
Hyperprolactinemia
Orthostatic hypotension

Class of medication

A

2nd generation atypical antipsychotics

63
Q

Quetiapine

2nd generation atypical antipsychotics

Potency?

A

Low

High risk for Sedation / low for EPS

64
Q

Olanzapine 2nd generation atypical antipsychotics

Posses Sedation & anticholinergic effects. Weight gain & hyperglycemia

Long-acting Injectable formulario is available.

Precautions with Injectable

A

Server Delirium/ Sedation

Most be monitored fir 3 hours after

65
Q

An inherited condition in which nerve cells in the brain break down over time.
It typically starts in a person’s 30s or 40s.

Results in progressive movement, thinking (cognitive), and psychiatric symptoms.

Drug interventions:

A

Huntington’s disease

Antipsychotics

66
Q

Atomoxetine, Guanfacine, Clonidine

All approved for treating…

A

ADHD

67
Q

In Alzheimer’s all approved medication targets these neurotransmitters…

A

Glutamate & Acetylcholine

68
Q

Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine

Class

Use

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors ( Stop destruction of Acetylcholine)

Helping memory issues in Alzheimer’s

69
Q

Fill in with appropriate neurotransmitters

Excess ____ is involved in thought Disturbances of schizophrenia

Deficiencies of _____ and/or _____ underline depression & Anxiety.

Insufficient ____ may also play a role in Anxiety

Excess ____ & Insufficient _____ are involved in Alzheimer’s

A

Dopamine

Norepinephrine/ Serotonin

GABA

Glutamate / Acetylcholine

70
Q

Do ADHD meds increase or decrease dopamine/ norepinephrine

A

Increase

71
Q

Antipsychotics (decrease / increase) Dopamine

Antidepressants (decrease / increase) Serotonin/ Norepinephrine

Alzheimer’s meds do what to Acetylcholine & Glutamate

A

Decrease dopamine

Increase Serotonin Norepinephrine

Decrease Glutamate/ Increase Acetylcholine

72
Q

Which medication increases blood levels of lamotrigine, increasing Stevens-Johnson Syndrome risk?

A. Carbamazepine
B. Lithium
C. Quetiapine
D. Valproate

A

D. Valproate

NURS 1446 Psy A (19 decks)

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