Psychotic Disorders

Question 1

Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating psychotic psychiatric disorder, which affects about ______ of
people worldwide

Answer 1

1%

Question 2

Schizophrenia is characterized by ________

Answer 2

an inability to discern what is real and not real, to think clearly, have normal emotional responses, and act normally in social situations.

Question 3

Diagnostic features of schizophrenia include _______

Answer 3

Hallucinations, (generally auditory, i.e. hearing voices)

Delusions, often the belief that external forces are conspiring against him or her

Question 4

what are the negative/deficit Sc’s of schizophrenia

Answer 4

Inability to pay attention,
loss of sense of pleasure,
loss of will or drive, 
disorganized or impoverished thoughts and speech,
flattened affect, 
social withdrawal

Question 5

The Diagnostic Criteria for schizophrenia is _____

Characteristic symptoms, for at least _______

Answer 5

2,

One Month

Question 6

Overt symptoms of schizophrenia often begin in _______ or ________ and usually continue throughout life

Answer 6

late adolescence,

early adulthood

Question 7

Schizophrenia occurs in 1% of the general population, but it occurs in _____ of people who have a first-degree relative with the disorder, such as a parent, brother, or sister

Answer 7

10%

Question 8

For an identical twin of a person with schizophrenia. He or she has an approximate ____ chance of developing the disorder.

Answer 8

70%

Question 9

In schizophrenia, Rare copy number variants (CNVs) of strong effect have been reported and replicated in loci that include genes implicated in neuronal development, synapse function and regulation of _______.

Answer 9

glutamatergic, GABAergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission.

Question 10

Family-based exome sequencing studies have identified an excess of de novo mutations in patients with schizophrenia. Many of these mutations fall in
genes that have a higher expression during _____

Answer 10

early fetal life

Question 11

What environmental factors may contribute to developing schizophrenia

Answer 11

viruses,
malnutrition before birth,
birth complications,
other yet known psychosocial factors.

Question 12

Mesolimbic System: This system is composed of the dopamine neurons from the ventral tegmental
area (VTA) that release dopamine to the nucleus accumbens. This system regulates reward
pathways and emotional processes and is associated with the ________ symptoms of schizophrenia.

Answer 12

positive

Question 13

The ______ neurons included in the mesocortical system release dopamine to the prefrontal cortex and regulate areas involved in cognitive processing (i.e. the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex that regulates executive function). The neurons in the ________ release dopamine to the basal ganglia and regulate areas involved with motor control.

Answer 13

VTA,

substantia nigra

Question 14

The mesocortical system is associated with the _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.

Answer 14

negative

Question 15

_______ of mesolimbic dopamine neurons and ________of mesocortical dopamine neurons are hypothesized to be responsible for positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia , respectively

Answer 15

Hyperactivity,

hypoactivity

Question 16

what is the Primary target of action for Chlorpromazine

Answer 16

Dopamine receptor antagonism (primarily DRD2).

Question 17

What are the side effects of Chlorpromazine

Answer 17

dry mouth, 
muscle stiffness, 
muscle cramping, 
tremors, 
EPS (akathisia, parkinsonism, dystonias).
weight-gain.

Question 18

what are the Sx’s of atypical antipsychotics

Answer 18

Weight gain/metabolic side
effects
• Hypercholesterolemia
• Diabetes mellitus
• agranulocytosis

Question 19

Clozapine is an atypical neuropleptic. It blocks several classes of receptors for _________, but has weaker dopaminergic blockade than most other neuroleptics.

Answer 19

serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and dopamine

Question 20

Clozapine causes more __________ than other antipsychotics.

Answer 20

agranulocytosis (suppression of production of white blood cells)

Question 21

name the other atypical neuroleptics (5) besides Clozapine.

all have been synthesized to mimic clozapine’s blockade of serotonin 5HT-2 receptors.

Answer 21

risperidone, 
olanzapine, 
quetiapine, 
asenapine, and
ziprasidone

Question 22

The principal advantage of the atypical drugs is that the incidence and severity of _________ side effects is diminished. On the other hand, most of the atypical drugs have enhanced effect on appetite, so that ____ are more problematic.

Answer 22

Parkinsonian,

weight gain, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus