Epilepsy III

Question 1

_______of all epilepsies are Pharmacoresistant

Answer 1

36 %

Question 2

________are the Most common childhood seizures

Answer 2

Febrile seizures

Question 3

Almost all first febrile seizures occur by age ____

Answer 3

3

Question 4

Incidence of febrile seizures is

Answer 4

2-4 % (US)

Question 5

Median age of febrile seizures

Answer 5

18-22 months

Question 6

20- 30% of febrile seizures are ________

Answer 6

complex

Question 7

______ will have a recurrent febrile seizures

Answer 7

25-40%

Question 8

what are the risk factors for recurrence of febrile seizures

Answer 8

Less than 1 yr age
Positive family history
Low grade fever
Brief fever

Question 9

a child will have an increased risk of epilepsy with _______

Answer 9

Complex febrile seizure
Neurologically abnormal prior to seizure
Family history of afebrile seizures

Question 10

Treating a febrile seizure immediately DOES NOT prevent later ______

Answer 10

epilepsy

Question 11

what is Lennox Gastaut Syndrome

Answer 11

pt has a mixture of Generalized Seizures:
    Tonic
    Atonic
    Myoclonic
    Atypical absence

Cognitive dysfunction – not always present, and may evolve later

Question 12

For Lennox Gastaut Syndrome, the First seizure typically occurs between ________ of age

Answer 12

3-5 years

Question 13

30% of patients with infantile spasms will develop ____

Answer 13

Lennox Gastaut Syndrome

Question 14

what are 5 causes of Lennox Gastaut Syndrome

Answer 14

Malformations
Hypoxic-ischemic injury
Encephalitis
Meningitis
Tuberous sclerosis!!!

Question 15

If someone has more _____ seizures or if acute reason for seizures (tumor, stroke, etc), then most physicians will treat with anticonvulsant

Answer 15

2

Question 16

Keep someone on meds for ______ years seizure free before weaning off

Answer 16

2

Question 17

________ makes myoclonic seizures worse

Answer 17

Lamotrigine

Question 18

Phenytoin, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, gabapentin: make ______ seizures worse

Answer 18

generalized

Question 19

No ______ Tx for teenage girls due to polycystic ovary disease and potential fetal issues

Answer 19

valproic acid

Question 20

No _______ Tx for children <2 years old

Answer 20

valproic acid

Question 21

If child has acidosis, which 2 drugs can worsen the condition

Answer 21

topiramate or zonisamide

Question 22

what is an Ketogenic Diet

Answer 22

a “Starvation diet”, which produces ketone bodies which have anti-epileptic drug (AED) effect and diet continues ketosis.

Allows adequate amount of calories and protein to grow

Question 23

what are thePotentially Serious Or Life-threatening Effects of the ketogenic diet

Answer 23

Kidney stones 5-8%
Prolonged QT interval 
Increased bruising with bleeding
Pancreatitis 
Immunosuppression

Question 24

what are the potential side effects of Vagal nerve stimulation

Answer 24

Temporary hoarseness/changes in voice tone
Cough
Tickling in the throat
Shortness of breath
Surgery: vocal cord paralysis and infection 1%

Question 25

Epilepsy surgery is used for focal seizures, Not usually used for generalized seizures unless ________

Answer 25

corpus callosotomy