Epilepsy III Flashcards
_______of all epilepsies are Pharmacoresistant
36 %
________are the Most common childhood seizures
Febrile seizures
Almost all first febrile seizures occur by age ____
3
Incidence of febrile seizures is
2-4 % (US)
Median age of febrile seizures
18-22 months
20- 30% of febrile seizures are ________
complex
______ will have a recurrent febrile seizures
25-40%
what are the risk factors for recurrence of febrile seizures
Less than 1 yr age
Positive family history
Low grade fever
Brief fever
a child will have an increased risk of epilepsy with _______
Complex febrile seizure
Neurologically abnormal prior to seizure
Family history of afebrile seizures
Treating a febrile seizure immediately DOES NOT prevent later ______
epilepsy
what is Lennox Gastaut Syndrome
pt has a mixture of Generalized Seizures:
Tonic
Atonic
Myoclonic
Atypical absence
Cognitive dysfunction – not always present, and may evolve later
For Lennox Gastaut Syndrome, the First seizure typically occurs between ________ of age
3-5 years
30% of patients with infantile spasms will develop ____
Lennox Gastaut Syndrome
what are 5 causes of Lennox Gastaut Syndrome
Malformations Hypoxic-ischemic injury Encephalitis Meningitis Tuberous sclerosis!!!
If someone has more _____ seizures or if acute reason for seizures (tumor, stroke, etc), then most physicians will treat with anticonvulsant
2
Keep someone on meds for ______ years seizure free before weaning off
2
________ makes myoclonic seizures worse
Lamotrigine
Phenytoin, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, gabapentin: make ______ seizures worse
generalized
No ______ Tx for teenage girls due to polycystic ovary disease and potential fetal issues
valproic acid
No _______ Tx for children <2 years old
valproic acid
If child has acidosis, which 2 drugs can worsen the condition
topiramate or zonisamide
what is an Ketogenic Diet
a “Starvation diet”, which produces ketone bodies which have anti-epileptic drug (AED) effect and diet continues ketosis.
Allows adequate amount of calories and protein to grow
what are thePotentially Serious Or Life-threatening Effects of the ketogenic diet
Kidney stones 5-8% Prolonged QT interval Increased bruising with bleeding Pancreatitis Immunosuppression
what are the potential side effects of Vagal nerve stimulation
Temporary hoarseness/changes in voice tone
Cough
Tickling in the throat
Shortness of breath
Surgery: vocal cord paralysis and infection 1%
Epilepsy surgery is used for focal seizures, Not usually used for generalized seizures unless ________
corpus callosotomy
