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Neuro Exam 4 > Drugs of Abuse > Flashcards

Drugs of Abuse Flashcards

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WSET ® Level 4 D2 Business of Wine flashcards
1
Q

what is Reinforcement?

A

The tendency of a pleasure-producing drug to lead to repeated self-administration.

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2
Q

what is Pharmacodynamic Tolerance:

A

Lessened response at target to same drug concentration - via changes in receptor sensitivity or other adaptive changes

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3
Q

what is Behavioral tolerance?

A

skills developed due to repeated experiences in attempting to function despite mild-moderate intoxication

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4
Q

What is Conditioned tolerance ?

A

develops when environmental cues (sights, smells, situations) are consistently paired with drug administration

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5
Q

what is Reverse Tolerance?

A

Sensitization (increased response) to drug following repeated doses. Sensitization in nucleus accumbens may play a role in drug craving properties. Requires longer interval between doses (~ 1 day).

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6
Q

what is Psychological Dependence?

A

Perceived need for a drug (“craving”) in the absence of any physiological dependence or withdrawal phenomena

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7
Q

If a drug causes elevated seizure threshold, ________ are seen during withdrawal; if a drug relieves fatigue and causes mood elevation, withdrawal is characterized by _______

A

spontaneous seizures,

lethargy and depression

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8
Q

Name the 5 opioids that can be abused

A 
Heroin
Morphine
Phentanyl
oxycodone,
hydrocodone
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9
Q

what are the reinforcing effects of opioids?

A

Euphoria

sedation

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10
Q

Describe acute toxicity in opiod overdose

A

respiratory depression,
miosis
coma -> death
arrythmias and convuslions are possible

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11
Q

what is the Tx for opiod acute toxicity

A

naloxone (IV / SC)

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12
Q

What is the Tx for opiod withdrawal

A

Clonidine ( decr. sns sx)

methadone (via cross dependence)

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13
Q

what are the Sx of opiod withdrawal

A

insomnia
tachycardia
diarrhea

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14
Q

what is the Tx of opioid relapse

A

buprenorphine +/- naloxone, naltrexone

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15
Q

what are the toxicty Sx’s seen in CNS Depressants

A

respiratory failure,
come -> death
(rare w/BDZs)

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16
Q

what is the Tx for withdrawel from CNS depressants

A

substitution with BDZ, and dose taper to prevent seizures

17
Q

CNS Depressant withdrawel has a significant risk of mortality due to ________

A

Seizures

18
Q

what is the Tx for Ethanol toxicity

A

supportive + Fluids, thiamine, electrolytes

19
Q

what is the Tx for Alcohol relapse

A

acamprosate,

naltrexone disulfiram

20
Q

What are the Sx’s of withdrawal from enthanol

A 
seizures (6-48 hrs),
visual hallucination (12-48 h),
delirium tremens (48-96 hrs)
21
Q

what is the Tx for acute toxicity from Bezodiazapines

A

flumazenil

22
Q

what is the mechanism of action for cocaine

A

inhibits monoamine reuptake transporters

23
Q

what are the reinforcing effects of cocaine

A

euphoria
decreased fatigue
Increased arousal and confidence

24
Q

what are the Sx’s of acute toxicity from cocaine

A 
SNS overactivity with Increased HR,BP, body temp.
chest pain
arrhythmia,
MI,
paranoid psychosis
25
Q

what are the Sx’s of cocaine withdrawal?

A

sleepiness,
fatigue,
depression,
hyperphagia

26
Q

what are the reinforcing effects of Nicotine

A

increased alertness

27
Q

what are the Sx’s of nicotine withdrawal

A 
irritability,
hostility,
anxiety,
Increased appetite
weight gain
28
Q

what is the tx for nicotine acute toxicity?

A

CVP support,
emetics,
gastric lavage,
charcoal

29
Q

what is the TX for cocaine acute toxicity

A

cardiovascular support,
vasodilators for BP,
BDZs for seizures
 

30
Q

Opioid tolerance develops __________, but tolerance to _______ does not develop at all

A

Rapidly,

Constipation

31
Q

________ to Hallucinogens ( LSD,Psilocybin,Bufotenine)

is not common since repeated use is unusual, and _____ does not develop

A

Tolerance,

Dependance

32
Q

what is the Tx for withdrawal from CNS stimulants

A

largely behavioral

33
Q

what are the reinforcing effects of CNS depressants

A

Anxiolysis,
sedation,
loss of inhibition

Neuro Exam 4 (28 decks)

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