Mood disorders Flashcards
current WHO estimates are that neuropsychiatric diseases account for ____ of all causes of disability worldwide
half
Depression and mood disorders account for nearly a _________ of the total causes of disability
quarter
Depression affects approximately _______ people worldwide
120 million
________ disorders are the most common psychiatric illnesses in the US,
Anxiety
Bipolar disorder appears more heritable than ______
unipolar depression
In order to diagnose depression, patients must experience ___ or more symptoms that have persisted for ___ weeks or more, are a change from previous function, and patient experiences sad mood or anhedonia(inability to feel pleasure)
5,
2
what are the symptoms of depression
Remember SIGECAPS
Sleep (insomnia or hypersomnia),
Interest (diminished),
Guilt (often without content, or excessive),
Energy (decreased),
Concentration (decreased),
Anhedonia (loss of interest in previously pleasurable
activities),
Psychomotoric changes (either increased or decreased
activity)
Suicidal ideation (either thoughts of suicide, plans,
intent or actual attempts).
Describe Atypical Depression
mood reactivity,
leaden paralysis (sense of heaviness in the arms and legs)
reverse neurovegetative symptoms (increased appetite, weight gain, hypersomnia)
Describe Psychotic depression
auditory hallucinations, nihilistic delusions (rejecting all religious and moral principles in the belief that life is meaningless)
what are 6 characteristics of Melancholic Depression
mood worse in the morning, early morning awakening, anorexia, weight loss, guilt, psychomotor retardation.
Bipolar disorder symptoms can be divided into 4 domains: _____
1) manic mood and behavior
2) dysphoric mood and behavior
3) psychosis
4) cognitive symptoms
Descibe manic mood and behavior as it relates to bipolar disorder
(euphoria, grandiosity, pressured speech, impulsivity, excessive libido, recklessness, social intrusiveness, and diminished need for sleep,
Describe dysphoric mood and behavior as it relates to bipolar disorder
depression, anxiety, irritability, hostility, violence or suicide)
Describe psychosis as it relates to bipolar disorder
delusions and hallucinations
describe the cognitive symptoms as it relates to bipolar disorder
Racing thoughts,
distractibility,
disorganization,
inattentiveness.
Patients only have to have ______ to be diagnosed with bipolar I disorder; they must have ________ to be diagnosed with bipolar II disorder
mania,
hypomania + major depression
_________ symptoms are the same as mania, but do not persist as long (four days) and do not cause such a degree of social impairment as seen in mania.
Hypomanic
what are the Manic Symptoms
Remember the mnemonic DIGFAST:
Distractibility,
Insomnia (note: decreased NEED for sleep), Grandiosity,
Flight of Ideas,
Activity (increased energy and activities),
Speech (pressured, non-stop)
Thoughtlessness (no thinking through of actions; impulsive and reckless).
Diagnosis of mania is made when patients experience A distinct period of abnormally & persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood, and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, present most of the day nearly every day lasting at least _____ (or any duration if hospitalization necessary), plus 3 or more symptoms (if euphoric), or 4 or more symptoms (if irritable).
1 week
most patients with bipolar disorder spend the majority of their mood states in _______. Ratios of depression to mania in bipolar I disorder is _____ and depression to hypomania is ________ in bipolar II disorder.
depression,
3: 1,
37: 1
Depression is often associated with ______ dysfunction.
neuroendocrine
Bipolar Disorder may in part be due to overactivation of _______and underactivation of control areas, such as the _________
amygdala,
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)
__________ atrophyseen in some, but not all depressed patients.
hippocampal
________is the 2nd leading cause of death 25-34 year olds
Suicide
what is the Male:Female suicide ratio
4:1
______ of those who commit suicides are men
79 %
Women attempt suicide ______ more often than men
2-3X
There are ________ completed suicides per year.
42,000
What are the risk factors for suicide?
Gun ownership
lack of access to mental health care
Altitude
