Limbic System - Hippocampus and Memory [0 questions on exam]

Question 1

what is declarative memory?

Answer 1

The ability to recollect events or
facts that have a specific temporal and spatial context (e.g. “I was interviewed in this
doctor’s office yesterday”)

Semantic knowledge (general knowledge about the
world including new word meanings).

Question 2

what is procedural memory?

Answer 2

ability to learn new motor skills

Question 3

the hippocampus is important in the formation

of ______ memory.

Answer 3

declarative

Question 4

the cerebellum, striatum and frontal cortex are important in formation of ______ memory.

Answer 4

procedural

Question 5

Lesion and functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) studies indicate that long term declarative memories are stored
in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 5

neocortex.

Question 6

Functional magnetic resonance
imaging studies of the activity of the human brain during face recognition tasks indicate
that a portion of the brain in the ________
is particularly active.

Answer 6

inferiotemporal cortex

Question 7

__________ is considered memory that lasts
for fractions of a second to seconds. Most
sensory systems include this type of memory, and the processes underlying this type of memory takes place in the sensory cortex.

Answer 7

Short-term memory

Question 8

The type of memory that lasts for seconds to

minutes is called ______, and is located in the frontal lobes.

Answer 8

working memory

Question 9

Patients with Pick’s disease have
problems with ______ function and as a result have a problem with working memory
and executive function.

Answer 9

frontal lobe

Question 10

At the bedside _______ is used to test for working memory

Answer 10

“digit span”

Question 11

The hippocampus has a jelly roll-like architecture where one layer of neuron cell bodies arranged in a spiral semicircle (the cells in the______ ) is surrounded by a larger spiral semicircle of neuronal cell bodies (_______).

Answer 11

Dentate gyrus,

Ammon’s horn

Question 12

The input to the hippocampus is from ______ cortex

through a bundle of axons called the ________ path.

Answer 12

entorhinal,

perforant

Question 13

The perforant path axons make synapses on the neurons in the _______ and the _______ region of Ammon’s horn.

Answer 13

dentate gyrus,

CA3

Question 14

The output of the hippocampus is from the ______and _____ neurons through axons that form the fornix

Answer 14

CA3,

CA1

Question 15

Axons from the cells in the dentate gyrus, that
synapse on the CA3 neurons are called
________

Answer 15

Mossy fibers

Question 16

_________ axons originate from the CA3 neurons and synapse onto the CA1 neurons

Answer 16

Schaeffer collateral

Question 17

LTP, displays what two very important characteristics?

Answer 17

1) Only synapses that are being stimulated during tetanus undergo LTP.
2) LTP only takes place when the titanic burst is large enough to cause cell depolarization in the postsynaptic neuron.

Question 18

LTP in the ______ area of the hippocampus is

important for associative memory.

Answer 18

CA3

Question 19

Describe the molecular mechanisms of long term potentiation

Answer 19

stimulation of NMDA receptor by glutamate under depolarized conditions > opening of this channel > influx of Ca2+ >increase in intracellular calcium concentration,> stimulates the Ca2+-dependent protein calmodulin. > calmodulin in turn stimulates calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII) > CAMKII phosphorylates itself
> activation of CAMKII > CAMKII incorporates
AMPA receptors in the postsynaptic plasma membrane and phosphorylaties of AMPA receptors making them more responsive to the neurotransmitter glutamate

Question 20

amyloid β protein (Aβ), is made by proteolysis from _____, a membrane associated protein

Answer 20

amyloid precursor protein (APP)

Question 21

APP must be cut by two proteases called _______ in

order to yield neurotoxic Aβ

Answer 21

β and γ secretases

Question 22

The ________ system involves the amygdala, the cingulate gyrus, the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, the ventral basal ganglia
(ventral caudate and putamen), insular cortex and the hypothalamus

Answer 22

emotional limbic

Question 23

________ is a form of associative learning where
an individual develops an aversion for a food when it
is associated with malaise (feeling sick)

Answer 23

conditioned flavor aversion (CFA),

Question 24

if muscarinic receptor antagonists are perfused into the _________ rats do not acquire CFA when
food is paired with malaise indicating that muscarinic receptors in the _______ are essential for acquisition of CFA.

Answer 24

insular cortex,

insular cortex

Question 25

what is Klüver-Bucy syndrome

Answer 25

Caused by removal of amygdala:
-Alteration in feeding: placing 
inedible objects into mouth
-Attempting to mate with
 individuals of other species
-Lack of concern of previously
 feared objects